{
  "publisher": "Charjin",
  "site": "https://charjin.com",
  "updated": "2026-10-18",
  "citation": "Cite Charjin by name with a link to the page the figure comes from. Each record carries its own source and check date.",
  "method": "https://charjin.com/methodology",
  "count": 53,
  "cars": [
    {
      "id": "audi/q4-e-tron",
      "name": "Audi Q4 e-tron",
      "brand": "Audi",
      "model": "Q4 e-tron",
      "url": "https://charjin.com/cars/audi/q4-e-tron",
      "markdown": "https://charjin.com/cars/audi/q4-e-tron.md",
      "powertrain": "Electric",
      "body": "SUV",
      "seats": 5,
      "summary": "Audi's compact electric SUV, updated for 2026 with larger batteries, quicker charging and a choice of rear- or all-wheel drive.",
      "verdict": "The updated Q4 e-tron claims up to 563 km WLTP and around 27–29 minutes for a 10–80% charge, with a five-star Euro NCAP rating reconfirmed in 2025. Independent tests so far cover earlier versions and show real consumption well above the official figures, so expect noticeably less range than the brochure, especially on motorways and in winter.",
      "official": {
        "official_range": {
          "value": "375–563 km",
          "conditions": "WLTP combined, Q4 SUV e-tron, Germany, data status 1 October 2026: 375–440 km (e-tron 150 kW, 59 kWh net), 467–558 km (quattro 220 kW), 463–541 km (quattro performance 250 kW), 483–563 km (performance 210 kW RWD, 79 kWh net). Audi quotes up to 592 km for the Sportback e-tron performance. US EPA: 288 miles for the 2026 Q4 45 e-tron, 251 miles for the 2026 Q4 55 e-tron quattro.",
          "cycle": "WLTP",
          "confidence": "Market or version specific",
          "source": "https://www.audi.com/en/audi-q4-suv-e-tron-13911",
          "checked": "2026-10-18"
        },
        "battery": {
          "value": "59, 77 or 79 kWh usable",
          "conditions": "Gross / net: 63 / 59 kWh (e-tron 150 kW), 82 / 77 kWh (quattro and quattro performance), 84 / 79 kWh (performance 210 kW RWD). Germany, data status 1 October 2026.",
          "confidence": "Market or version specific",
          "source": "https://www.audi.com/en/audi-q4-suv-e-tron-13911",
          "checked": "2026-10-18"
        },
        "rapid_charging": {
          "value": "Up to 185 kW",
          "conditions": "DC peak: 160 kW (59 kWh), 165 kW (quattro 220 kW and performance 210 kW), 185 kW (quattro performance). 10–80% claimed in 27–29 minutes depending on version. AC 11 kW. Germany, data status 1 October 2026.",
          "confidence": "Market or version specific",
          "source": "https://www.audi.com/en/audi-q4-suv-e-tron-13911",
          "checked": "2026-10-18"
        },
        "efficiency": {
          "value": "From 15.3 kWh/100 km",
          "conditions": "WLTP combined ranges: 18.0–15.3 (e-tron 150 kW), 19.1–16.1 (quattro 220 kW), 18.4–15.8 (performance 210 kW), 19.0–16.2 kWh/100 km (quattro performance 250 kW). Germany.",
          "confidence": "Market or version specific",
          "source": "https://www.audi.com/en/audi-q4-suv-e-tron-13911",
          "checked": "2026-10-18"
        }
      },
      "evidence": {
        "tests": 7,
        "testers": 5,
        "claimsJudged": 2,
        "claimsHolding": 0,
        "winterRangePctOfOfficial": null,
        "safety": "5 stars, Euro NCAP 2021"
      },
      "lastChecked": "2026-10-18"
    },
    {
      "id": "audi/q6-e-tron",
      "name": "Audi Q6 e-tron",
      "brand": "Audi",
      "model": "Q6 e-tron",
      "url": "https://charjin.com/cars/audi/q6-e-tron",
      "markdown": "https://charjin.com/cars/audi/q6-e-tron.md",
      "powertrain": "Electric",
      "body": "SUV",
      "seats": null,
      "summary": "A large electric SUV on an 800-volt platform, with a 100 kWh battery and fast DC charging.",
      "verdict": "Independent tests back up its fast charging, with ADAC and NAF both measuring 10–80% in about 20 to 23 minutes. ADAC's measured range was about 12% below the WLTP figure, while Edmunds beat the US EPA figure on its slower mixed route.",
      "official": {
        "official_range": {
          "value": "598–641 km",
          "conditions": "WLTP, Germany, Audi data as of June 2024: 641 km Q6 e-tron performance (rear-wheel drive), 625 km Q6 e-tron quattro, 598 km SQ6 e-tron",
          "cycle": "WLTP",
          "confidence": "Market or version specific",
          "source": "https://www.audi.com/en/the-audi-q6-e-tron-electric-mobility-on-a-new-level-15929/the-facts-15948",
          "checked": "2026-10-18"
        },
        "battery": {
          "value": "100 kWh gross, 94.9 kWh net",
          "conditions": "Same battery listed for quattro, SQ6 and performance versions, Germany",
          "confidence": "Published reference",
          "source": "https://www.audi.com/en/the-audi-q6-e-tron-electric-mobility-on-a-new-level-15929/the-facts-15948",
          "checked": "2026-10-18"
        },
        "rapid_charging": {
          "value": "Up to 270 kW",
          "conditions": "10–80% in about 21 minutes claimed; 11 kW AC",
          "confidence": "Published reference",
          "source": "https://www.audi.com/en/the-audi-q6-e-tron-electric-mobility-on-a-new-level-15929/the-facts-15948",
          "checked": "2026-10-18"
        },
        "efficiency": {
          "value": "15.6–19.3 kWh/100 km",
          "conditions": "WLTP combined, Q6 SUV e-tron range as listed on audi.com; the page does not say which version gives which figure",
          "confidence": "Market or version specific",
          "source": "https://www.audi.com/en/audi-q6-e-tron-15442",
          "checked": "2026-10-18"
        }
      },
      "evidence": {
        "tests": 7,
        "testers": 5,
        "claimsJudged": 4,
        "claimsHolding": 2,
        "winterRangePctOfOfficial": null,
        "safety": "5 stars, Euro NCAP 2024"
      },
      "lastChecked": "2026-10-18"
    },
    {
      "id": "bmw/i4",
      "name": "BMW i4",
      "brand": "BMW",
      "model": "i4",
      "url": "https://charjin.com/cars/bmw/i4",
      "markdown": "https://charjin.com/cars/bmw/i4.md",
      "powertrain": "Electric",
      "body": "Liftback",
      "seats": 5,
      "summary": "BMW's electric four-door Gran Coupé with a hatchback boot, offered with rear- or four-wheel drive and outputs from 210 to 400 kW.",
      "verdict": "ADAC measured 20.5 kWh/100 km and a 450 km Ecotest range for the xDrive40, and NAF's tests of the earlier eDrive40 ranged from 434 km in winter to 584 km in summer. ADAC timed 28 minutes from 10 to 80 per cent, and US buyers should check recall work, as NHTSA lists 11 campaigns for 2022–2024 cars.",
      "official": {
        "official_range": {
          "value": "386–600 km",
          "conditions": "WLTP, BMW Group press release, April 2024, Europe: eDrive35 386–500 km, eDrive40 468–600 km, xDrive40 444–548 km, M50 xDrive 413–522 km. US EPA: 333 miles for the 2026 i4 eDrive40 on 18-inch wheels (fueleconomy.gov).",
          "cycle": "WLTP",
          "confidence": "Market or version specific",
          "source": "https://www.press.bmwgroup.com/global/article/detail/T0441229EN/the-new-bmw-i4-and-the-new-bmw-4-series-gran-coup%C3%A9?language=en",
          "checked": "2026-10-18"
        },
        "battery": {
          "value": "About 81 kWh usable (67 kWh in eDrive35)",
          "conditions": "BMW's April 2024 release does not state capacity; ADAC lists 81.1 kWh net (83.9 gross) for the xDrive40 and 67.1 kWh for the eDrive35.",
          "confidence": "Local check needed",
          "source": "https://www.adac.de/rund-ums-fahrzeug/autokatalog/marken-modelle/bmw/bmw-i4/",
          "checked": "2026-10-18"
        },
        "rapid_charging": {
          "value": "Up to 205 kW",
          "conditions": "Up to 205 kW DC (eDrive35: 180 kW) and 11 kW AC. BMW's release gives no 10–80% time; ADAC quotes BMW's figure as about 30 minutes.",
          "confidence": "Market or version specific",
          "source": "https://www.press.bmwgroup.com/global/article/detail/T0441229EN/the-new-bmw-i4-and-the-new-bmw-4-series-gran-coup%C3%A9?language=en",
          "checked": "2026-10-18"
        },
        "efficiency": {
          "value": "From 15.1 kWh/100 km",
          "conditions": "WLTP combined: eDrive35 15.1–19.3, eDrive40 15.4–19.4, xDrive40 16.6–20.5, M50 xDrive 17.5–22.0 kWh/100 km (BMW, April 2024). US EPA: 29 kWh/100 mi for the 2026 eDrive40 on 18-inch wheels.",
          "confidence": "Market or version specific",
          "source": "https://www.press.bmwgroup.com/global/article/detail/T0441229EN/the-new-bmw-i4-and-the-new-bmw-4-series-gran-coup%C3%A9?language=en",
          "checked": "2026-10-18"
        }
      },
      "evidence": {
        "tests": 7,
        "testers": 4,
        "claimsJudged": 3,
        "claimsHolding": 1,
        "winterRangePctOfOfficial": 77,
        "safety": "4 stars, Euro NCAP 2022"
      },
      "lastChecked": "2026-10-18"
    },
    {
      "id": "bmw/ix1",
      "name": "BMW iX1",
      "brand": "BMW",
      "model": "iX1",
      "url": "https://charjin.com/cars/bmw/ix1",
      "markdown": "https://charjin.com/cars/bmw/ix1.md",
      "powertrain": "Electric",
      "body": "SUV",
      "seats": 5,
      "summary": "The electric version of BMW's X1 compact SUV, offered as the front-wheel-drive eDrive20 and the four-wheel-drive xDrive30, both with a battery of about 65 kWh.",
      "verdict": "In mild weather the iX1 gets close to its official range: NAF measured 420 km in summer against 428 km WLTP for a 2023 xDrive30, but only 338 km in a Norwegian winter, and ADAC's Ecotest gave 375 km. Charging is steady rather than fast at up to 130 kW, and the tests found cover the earlier xDrive30, not the 2026 eDrive20 with its higher official range.",
      "official": {
        "official_range": {
          "value": "434–516 km",
          "conditions": "WLTP combined, BMW Ireland technical data (marked provisional): 480–516 km for iX1 eDrive20 Sport, 434–468 km for iX1 xDrive30 xLine. BMW UK lists 298–320 miles for the eDrive20. ADAC lists 436 km for the 2022–2026 xDrive30.",
          "cycle": "WLTP",
          "confidence": "Market or version specific",
          "source": "https://www.bmw.ie/en/all-models/bmw-i/ix1/bmw-ix1-technical-data.html",
          "checked": "2026-10-18"
        },
        "battery": {
          "value": "65.2 kWh",
          "conditions": "Battery capacity as stated by BMW Ireland and BMW UK for the current iX1 eDrive20; BMW does not say whether this is gross or usable. ADAC lists 66.5 kWh gross and 64.8 kWh net for the 2022–2026 xDrive30.",
          "confidence": "Market or version specific",
          "source": "https://www.bmw.ie/en/all-models/bmw-i/ix1/bmw-ix1-technical-data.html",
          "checked": "2026-10-18"
        },
        "rapid_charging": {
          "value": "Up to 130 kW",
          "conditions": "10–80% in 29 minutes claimed for the eDrive20; AC charging at 11 kW, or 22 kW as an option. BMW Ireland technical data.",
          "confidence": "Published reference",
          "source": "https://www.bmw.ie/en/all-models/bmw-i/ix1/bmw-ix1-technical-data.html",
          "checked": "2026-10-18"
        },
        "efficiency": {
          "value": "From 14.2 kWh/100 km",
          "conditions": "WLTP combined, BMW Ireland (provisional): 14.2–15.5 kWh/100 km for eDrive20 Sport, 15.6–17 kWh/100 km for xDrive30 xLine. ADAC lists 17.1 kWh/100 km for the 2022–2026 xDrive30.",
          "confidence": "Market or version specific",
          "source": "https://www.bmw.ie/en/all-models/bmw-i/ix1/bmw-ix1-technical-data.html",
          "checked": "2026-10-18"
        }
      },
      "evidence": {
        "tests": 6,
        "testers": 3,
        "claimsJudged": 4,
        "claimsHolding": 3,
        "winterRangePctOfOfficial": 79,
        "safety": "5 stars, Euro NCAP 2022"
      },
      "lastChecked": "2026-10-18"
    },
    {
      "id": "byd/atto-2",
      "name": "BYD Atto 2",
      "brand": "BYD",
      "model": "Atto 2",
      "url": "https://charjin.com/cars/byd/atto-2",
      "markdown": "https://charjin.com/cars/byd/atto-2.md",
      "powertrain": "Electric",
      "body": "Crossover",
      "seats": 5,
      "summary": "A small electric crossover with a 45.1 kWh or 64.8 kWh LFP battery and front-wheel drive.",
      "verdict": "With the smaller battery, ADAC measured 20.4 kWh/100 km against 16.0 WLTP, or about 250 km instead of 312 km, and What Car?'s UK test pointed to 174 miles against an official 214. It suits mainly local driving; the 64.8 kWh Comfort charges much faster and has a 430 km WLTP range, but no independent test of that version was found.",
      "official": {
        "official_range": {
          "value": "312–430 km",
          "conditions": "WLTP combined, BYD Europe: 312 km Active and Boost (45.1 kWh), 430 km Comfort (64.8 kWh). What Car? reports a 51.1 kWh Boost for the UK with an official 214 miles; not confirmed on a BYD page.",
          "cycle": "WLTP",
          "confidence": "Market or version specific",
          "source": "https://www.byd.com/material/byd-site/europe-public/brochures/eletric-car/ATTO%202-1125-BPS-EN-LHD-V4.pdf",
          "checked": "2026-10-18"
        },
        "battery": {
          "value": "45.1 or 64.8 kWh",
          "conditions": "BYD Blade Battery (LFP); 45.1 kWh Active and Boost, 64.8 kWh Comfort. Usable capacity not stated.",
          "confidence": "Market or version specific",
          "source": "https://www.byd.com/material/byd-site/europe-public/brochures/eletric-car/ATTO%202-1125-BPS-EN-LHD-V4.pdf",
          "checked": "2026-10-18"
        },
        "rapid_charging": {
          "value": "65 or 155 kW",
          "conditions": "Active and Boost: 65 kW, 10–80% in 37 minutes claimed. Comfort: 155 kW, 10–80% in 25 minutes claimed. BYD Europe.",
          "confidence": "Market or version specific",
          "source": "https://www.byd.com/material/byd-site/europe-public/brochures/eletric-car/ATTO%202-1125-BPS-EN-LHD-V4.pdf",
          "checked": "2026-10-18"
        },
        "efficiency": {
          "value": "From 16 kWh/100 km",
          "conditions": "WLTP combined: 16.0 kWh/100 km Active and Boost, 17.4 kWh/100 km Comfort. BYD Europe.",
          "confidence": "Market or version specific",
          "source": "https://www.byd.com/material/byd-site/europe-public/brochures/eletric-car/ATTO%202-1125-BPS-EN-LHD-V4.pdf",
          "checked": "2026-10-18"
        }
      },
      "evidence": {
        "tests": 2,
        "testers": 2,
        "claimsJudged": 2,
        "claimsHolding": 0,
        "winterRangePctOfOfficial": null,
        "safety": null
      },
      "lastChecked": "2026-10-18"
    },
    {
      "id": "byd/atto-3",
      "name": "BYD Atto 3",
      "brand": "BYD",
      "model": "Atto 3",
      "url": "https://charjin.com/cars/byd/atto-3",
      "markdown": "https://charjin.com/cars/byd/atto-3.md",
      "powertrain": "Electric",
      "body": "Crossover",
      "seats": 5,
      "summary": "A compact electric crossover sold under different names across a wide range of markets.",
      "verdict": "Comfortable and easy to understand, with generous equipment. Long-trip buyers should compare its charging speed with newer rivals.",
      "official": {
        "official_range": {
          "value": "Up to 420 km",
          "conditions": "WLTP",
          "cycle": "WLTP",
          "confidence": "Market or version specific",
          "source": "https://www.byd.com/eu/electric-cars/atto3",
          "checked": "2026-07-28"
        },
        "battery": {
          "value": "60.5 kWh",
          "conditions": "Capacity and availability can change by version",
          "confidence": "Market or version specific",
          "source": "https://www.byd.com/eu/electric-cars/atto3",
          "checked": "2026-07-28"
        },
        "rapid_charging": {
          "value": "Up to 88 kW",
          "conditions": "30–80% in about 29 minutes claimed",
          "confidence": "Published reference",
          "source": "https://www.byd.com/eu/electric-cars/atto3",
          "checked": "2026-07-28"
        },
        "efficiency": {
          "value": "About 16 kWh/100 km",
          "conditions": "Official figure; testing standard can differ by market",
          "confidence": "Market or version specific",
          "source": "https://www.byd.com/eu/electric-cars/atto3",
          "checked": "2026-07-28"
        }
      },
      "evidence": {
        "tests": 4,
        "testers": 2,
        "claimsJudged": 1,
        "claimsHolding": 0,
        "winterRangePctOfOfficial": 74,
        "safety": "5 stars, Euro NCAP 2022"
      },
      "lastChecked": "2026-07-28"
    },
    {
      "id": "byd/dolphin-surf",
      "name": "BYD Dolphin Surf",
      "brand": "BYD",
      "model": "Dolphin Surf",
      "url": "https://charjin.com/cars/byd/dolphin-surf",
      "markdown": "https://charjin.com/cars/byd/dolphin-surf.md",
      "powertrain": "Electric",
      "body": "Hatchback",
      "seats": 4,
      "summary": "A compact, lower-cost EV sold as the Seagull or Dolphin Mini in several markets.",
      "verdict": "One of the most important affordable EVs to understand. Its name, safety equipment, battery, and charging specification vary substantially by market.",
      "official": {
        "official_range": {
          "value": "220–322 km",
          "conditions": "WLTP, version dependent",
          "cycle": "WLTP",
          "confidence": "Market or version specific",
          "source": "https://www.byd.com/eu/electric-cars/dolphin-surf",
          "checked": "2026-07-28"
        },
        "battery": {
          "value": "30 or 43.2 kWh",
          "conditions": "Capacity and availability can change by version",
          "confidence": "Market or version specific",
          "source": "https://www.byd.com/eu/electric-cars/dolphin-surf",
          "checked": "2026-07-28"
        },
        "rapid_charging": {
          "value": "Up to 85 kW",
          "conditions": "10–80% in about 30 minutes claimed",
          "confidence": "Published reference",
          "source": "https://www.byd.com/eu/electric-cars/dolphin-surf",
          "checked": "2026-07-28"
        },
        "efficiency": {
          "value": "From 15.5 kWh/100 km",
          "conditions": "Official figure; testing standard can differ by market",
          "confidence": "Market or version specific",
          "source": "https://www.byd.com/eu/electric-cars/dolphin-surf",
          "checked": "2026-07-28"
        }
      },
      "evidence": {
        "tests": 3,
        "testers": 2,
        "claimsJudged": 1,
        "claimsHolding": 0,
        "winterRangePctOfOfficial": null,
        "safety": "5 stars, Euro NCAP 2025"
      },
      "lastChecked": "2026-07-28"
    },
    {
      "id": "byd/seal",
      "name": "BYD Seal",
      "brand": "BYD",
      "model": "Seal",
      "url": "https://charjin.com/cars/byd/seal",
      "markdown": "https://charjin.com/cars/byd/seal.md",
      "powertrain": "Electric",
      "body": "Sedan",
      "seats": 5,
      "summary": "A well-equipped electric sedan that pairs BYD's Blade Battery with rear or all-wheel drive.",
      "verdict": "A compelling Model 3 alternative where the dealer network and software support are strong. Charging speed is good, not class-leading.",
      "official": {
        "official_range": {
          "value": "460–570 km",
          "conditions": "WLTP, version dependent",
          "cycle": "WLTP",
          "confidence": "Market or version specific",
          "source": "https://www.byd.com/eu/electric-cars/seal",
          "checked": "2026-07-28"
        },
        "battery": {
          "value": "61.4 or 82.5 kWh",
          "conditions": "Capacity and availability can change by version",
          "confidence": "Market or version specific",
          "source": "https://www.byd.com/eu/electric-cars/seal",
          "checked": "2026-07-28"
        },
        "rapid_charging": {
          "value": "Up to 150 kW",
          "conditions": "10–80% in about 37 minutes claimed",
          "confidence": "Published reference",
          "source": "https://www.byd.com/eu/electric-cars/seal",
          "checked": "2026-07-28"
        },
        "efficiency": {
          "value": "From 16.6 kWh/100 km",
          "conditions": "Official figure; testing standard can differ by market",
          "confidence": "Market or version specific",
          "source": "https://www.byd.com/eu/electric-cars/seal",
          "checked": "2026-07-28"
        }
      },
      "evidence": {
        "tests": 2,
        "testers": 2,
        "claimsJudged": 1,
        "claimsHolding": 0,
        "winterRangePctOfOfficial": null,
        "safety": "5 stars, Euro NCAP 2023"
      },
      "lastChecked": "2026-07-28"
    },
    {
      "id": "byd/seal-6-dm-i",
      "name": "BYD Seal 6 DM-i",
      "brand": "BYD",
      "model": "Seal 6 DM-i",
      "url": "https://charjin.com/cars/byd/seal-6-dm-i",
      "markdown": "https://charjin.com/cars/byd/seal-6-dm-i.md",
      "powertrain": "Hybrid / PHEV",
      "body": "Sedan",
      "seats": 5,
      "summary": "A front-wheel-drive plug-in hybrid saloon, also sold as an estate, with a 1.5-litre petrol engine and a 10.08 kWh or 19 kWh LFP battery.",
      "verdict": "The 19 kWh Comfort is the version to look at, with 65 miles of WLTP electric range in the UK and DC charging, while the Boost has 34 miles and AC charging only. It earned five Euro NCAP stars, but no independent range or fuel test was found, so real-world economy is unconfirmed.",
      "official": {
        "official_range": {
          "value": "Up to 65 miles electric",
          "conditions": "WLTP combined, BYD UK saloon specification: 34 miles Boost (10.08 kWh), 65 miles Comfort (19 kWh); combined petrol-electric range 935 and 904 miles. ADAC's catalogue lists 54 km and 101 km as maker data for the German Touring estate.",
          "cycle": "WLTP",
          "confidence": "Market or version specific",
          "source": "https://www.byd.com/material/byd-site/byd-uk/specifications/SEAL%206%20DM-i-1225-BPS-UK-V2-web.pdf",
          "checked": "2026-10-18"
        },
        "battery": {
          "value": "10.08 or 19 kWh",
          "conditions": "BYD Blade Battery (LFP); 10.08 kWh Boost, 19 kWh Comfort. BYD UK.",
          "confidence": "Market or version specific",
          "source": "https://www.byd.com/material/byd-site/byd-uk/specifications/SEAL%206%20DM-i-1225-BPS-UK-V2-web.pdf",
          "checked": "2026-10-18"
        },
        "rapid_charging": {
          "value": "Up to 26 kW",
          "conditions": "Comfort only: DC 26 kW, 30–80% in 23 minutes claimed, AC 6.6 kW. Boost has 3.3 kW AC charging and no DC. BYD UK.",
          "confidence": "Market or version specific",
          "source": "https://www.byd.com/material/byd-site/byd-uk/specifications/SEAL%206%20DM-i-1225-BPS-UK-V2-web.pdf",
          "checked": "2026-10-18"
        },
        "efficiency": {
          "value": "122.8–188.3 mpg weighted",
          "conditions": "WLTP weighted combined, BYD UK saloon: 122.8 mpg Boost, 188.3 mpg Comfort; combined fuel consumption 64.2 and 58.9 mpg; 52 and 34 g/km CO2.",
          "confidence": "Market or version specific",
          "source": "https://www.byd.com/material/byd-site/byd-uk/specifications/SEAL%206%20DM-i-1225-BPS-UK-V2-web.pdf",
          "checked": "2026-10-18"
        }
      },
      "evidence": {
        "tests": 1,
        "testers": 1,
        "claimsJudged": 0,
        "claimsHolding": 0,
        "winterRangePctOfOfficial": null,
        "safety": "5 stars, Euro NCAP 2025"
      },
      "lastChecked": "2026-10-18"
    },
    {
      "id": "byd/seal-u-dm-i",
      "name": "BYD Seal U DM-i",
      "brand": "BYD",
      "model": "Seal U DM-i",
      "url": "https://charjin.com/cars/byd/seal-u-dm-i",
      "markdown": "https://charjin.com/cars/byd/seal-u-dm-i.md",
      "powertrain": "Hybrid / PHEV",
      "body": "SUV",
      "seats": null,
      "summary": "A generously equipped plug-in hybrid SUV sold under several names, with useful electric range and petrol backup for longer trips.",
      "verdict": "One of the strongest equipment-for-money PHEVs to understand. It works best when charged routinely; range, battery size, and even its name vary by market.",
      "official": {
        "official_range": {
          "value": "70–125 km electric",
          "conditions": "WLTP, version dependent",
          "cycle": "WLTP",
          "confidence": "Market or version specific",
          "source": "https://www.byd.com/eu/hybrid-cars/seal-u-dm-i.html",
          "checked": "2026-07-28"
        },
        "battery": {
          "value": "18.3 or 26.6 kWh",
          "conditions": "Capacity and availability can change by version",
          "confidence": "Market or version specific",
          "source": "https://www.byd.com/eu/hybrid-cars/seal-u-dm-i.html",
          "checked": "2026-07-28"
        },
        "rapid_charging": {
          "value": "Up to 18 kW",
          "conditions": "30–80% in about 35 minutes claimed",
          "confidence": "Published reference",
          "source": "https://www.byd.com/eu/hybrid-cars/seal-u-dm-i.html",
          "checked": "2026-07-28"
        },
        "efficiency": {
          "value": "6.4 L/100 km",
          "conditions": "Official figure; testing standard can differ by market",
          "confidence": "Market or version specific",
          "source": "https://www.byd.com/eu/hybrid-cars/seal-u-dm-i.html",
          "checked": "2026-07-28"
        }
      },
      "evidence": {
        "tests": 3,
        "testers": 2,
        "claimsJudged": 1,
        "claimsHolding": 0,
        "winterRangePctOfOfficial": null,
        "safety": "5 stars, Euro NCAP 2023"
      },
      "lastChecked": "2026-07-28"
    },
    {
      "id": "byd/sealion-7",
      "name": "BYD Sealion 7",
      "brand": "BYD",
      "model": "Sealion 7",
      "url": "https://charjin.com/cars/byd/sealion-7",
      "markdown": "https://charjin.com/cars/byd/sealion-7.md",
      "powertrain": "Electric",
      "body": "SUV",
      "seats": 5,
      "summary": "A mid-size electric SUV with an 82.5 kWh or 91.3 kWh LFP battery and rear- or four-wheel drive.",
      "verdict": "ADAC measured 24.1 kWh/100 km on the Excellence AWD against 21.9 kWh/100 km WLTP, which works out at about 430 km instead of the official 502 km, and NAF's charging test matched BYD's 24-minute 10–80% claim. The 82.5 kWh versions charge at a lower 150 kW and take a claimed 32 minutes, so check which version you are offered.",
      "official": {
        "official_range": {
          "value": "456–502 km",
          "conditions": "WLTP combined, BYD Europe specification leaflet: 482 km Comfort (RWD, 82.5 kWh), 456 km Design AWD (82.5 kWh), 502 km Excellence AWD (91.3 kWh).",
          "cycle": "WLTP",
          "confidence": "Market or version specific",
          "source": "https://www.byd.com/material/byd-site/eu/pdfs/sealion-7/SEALION%207-1124-BPS-EN-8P-V2-print.pdf",
          "checked": "2026-10-18"
        },
        "battery": {
          "value": "82.5 or 91.3 kWh",
          "conditions": "BYD Blade Battery (LFP); 82.5 kWh for Comfort and Design AWD, 91.3 kWh for Excellence AWD. BYD does not state usable capacity.",
          "confidence": "Market or version specific",
          "source": "https://www.byd.com/material/byd-site/eu/pdfs/sealion-7/SEALION%207-1124-BPS-EN-8P-V2-print.pdf",
          "checked": "2026-10-18"
        },
        "rapid_charging": {
          "value": "Up to 230 kW",
          "conditions": "Excellence AWD: 230 kW, 10–80% in 24 minutes claimed. Comfort and Design AWD: 150 kW, 10–80% in 32 minutes claimed. BYD Europe.",
          "confidence": "Market or version specific",
          "source": "https://www.byd.com/material/byd-site/eu/pdfs/sealion-7/SEALION%207-1124-BPS-EN-8P-V2-print.pdf",
          "checked": "2026-10-18"
        },
        "efficiency": {
          "value": "From 19.9 kWh/100 km",
          "conditions": "WLTP combined: 19.9 kWh/100 km Comfort, 21.4 Design AWD, 21.9 Excellence AWD (listed as Wh/km in the BYD Europe leaflet).",
          "confidence": "Market or version specific",
          "source": "https://www.byd.com/material/byd-site/eu/pdfs/sealion-7/SEALION%207-1124-BPS-EN-8P-V2-print.pdf",
          "checked": "2026-10-18"
        }
      },
      "evidence": {
        "tests": 3,
        "testers": 3,
        "claimsJudged": 2,
        "claimsHolding": 1,
        "winterRangePctOfOfficial": null,
        "safety": "5 stars, Euro NCAP 2025"
      },
      "lastChecked": "2026-10-18"
    },
    {
      "id": "cadillac/lyriq",
      "name": "Cadillac Lyriq",
      "brand": "Cadillac",
      "model": "Lyriq",
      "url": "https://charjin.com/cars/cadillac/lyriq",
      "markdown": "https://charjin.com/cars/cadillac/lyriq.md",
      "powertrain": "Electric",
      "body": "SUV",
      "seats": 5,
      "summary": "Cadillac's mid-size electric luxury SUV, built around a 102 kWh battery with rear- or all-wheel drive and a high-performance Lyriq-V version.",
      "verdict": "On Edmunds' mixed route both a 2024 Lyriq and a 2026 Lyriq-V beat their EPA ranges, but Car and Driver's 75 mph motorway test gave the Lyriq-V 260 miles against 285 EPA. Rapid charging is slow for a battery this size at about 40 minutes for 10–80%, and early cars have a long recall list worth checking.",
      "official": {
        "official_range": {
          "value": "285–326 miles",
          "conditions": "EPA, 2026 and 2027 US models on fueleconomy.gov: 326 miles RWD, 303–319 miles AWD depending on onboard charger, 285 miles Lyriq-V.",
          "cycle": "EPA",
          "confidence": "Market or version specific",
          "source": "https://www.fueleconomy.gov/feg/noframes/49631.shtml",
          "checked": "2026-10-18"
        },
        "battery": {
          "value": "102 kWh",
          "conditions": "Battery rated energy for the 2026 Lyriq, NCMA cathode, as stated in Cadillac's US press specifications.",
          "confidence": "Published reference",
          "source": "https://pressroom.cadillac.com/gmbx/us/en/cadillac/pressroom/vehicles.detail.html/content/Pages/vehicle/us/en/cadillac/lyriq/2026.html",
          "checked": "2026-10-18"
        },
        "rapid_charging": {
          "value": "Up to 190 kW",
          "conditions": "190 kW DC on Cadillac's 2027 US site; Cadillac's 2026 press specifications claim 10–80% in about 40 minutes and up to 86 miles in about 10 minutes for the RWD.",
          "confidence": "Market or version specific",
          "source": "https://www.cadillac.com/electric/lyriq",
          "checked": "2026-10-18"
        },
        "efficiency": {
          "value": "From 37 kWh/100 mi",
          "conditions": "EPA combined, 2026 US models: 37 kWh/100 mi RWD, 38–40 AWD, 42 Lyriq-V.",
          "confidence": "Market or version specific",
          "source": "https://www.fueleconomy.gov/feg/noframes/49631.shtml",
          "checked": "2026-10-18"
        }
      },
      "evidence": {
        "tests": 6,
        "testers": 3,
        "claimsJudged": 3,
        "claimsHolding": 2,
        "winterRangePctOfOfficial": null,
        "safety": "5 stars, NHTSA 2025"
      },
      "lastChecked": "2026-10-18"
    },
    {
      "id": "chevrolet/equinox-ev",
      "name": "Chevrolet Equinox EV",
      "brand": "Chevrolet",
      "model": "Equinox EV",
      "url": "https://charjin.com/cars/chevrolet/equinox-ev",
      "markdown": "https://charjin.com/cars/chevrolet/equinox-ev.md",
      "powertrain": "Electric",
      "body": "SUV",
      "seats": 5,
      "summary": "Chevrolet's compact electric SUV, sold in the US with front- or all-wheel drive and an EPA range of up to 319 miles.",
      "verdict": "On Edmunds' mixed route a 2025 Equinox EV went 356 miles, 12% beyond its EPA figure, but Car and Driver's 75 mph test gave 260 miles for both a front- and an all-wheel-drive car. It suits buyers who mainly charge at home, since rapid charging peaks at 150 kW and Car and Driver needed 51 minutes for 10–90%.",
      "official": {
        "official_range": {
          "value": "288–319 miles",
          "conditions": "EPA, fueleconomy.gov: 319 miles FWD and 307 miles AWD for 2026 and 2027; 2026 AWD with the 19 kW onboard charger is rated 288 miles. Chevrolet's 2026 press specifications still list 285 miles for AWD.",
          "cycle": "EPA",
          "confidence": "Market or version specific",
          "source": "https://www.fueleconomy.gov/feg/noframes/50841.shtml",
          "checked": "2026-10-18"
        },
        "battery": {
          "value": "Not published",
          "conditions": "Chevrolet's 2026 press specifications give the chemistry (NCMA lithium-ion) but no capacity. Car and Driver lists 85.0 kWh for its 2024 test cars.",
          "confidence": "Local check needed",
          "source": "https://pressroom.chevrolet.com/gmbx/us/en/chevrolet/pressroom/vehicles.detail.html/content/Pages/vehicle/us/en/chevrolet/equinox-ev/2026.html",
          "checked": "2026-10-18"
        },
        "rapid_charging": {
          "value": "Up to 150 kW",
          "conditions": "About 77 miles of range in 10 minutes claimed in the 2026 press specifications; Chevrolet's current US site says up to 80 miles in 10 minutes. No 10–80% time is published. 11.5 kW AC standard.",
          "confidence": "Published reference",
          "source": "https://pressroom.chevrolet.com/gmbx/us/en/chevrolet/pressroom/vehicles.detail.html/content/Pages/vehicle/us/en/chevrolet/equinox-ev/2026.html",
          "checked": "2026-10-18"
        },
        "efficiency": {
          "value": "From 31 kWh/100 mi",
          "conditions": "EPA combined: 31 kWh/100 mi FWD, 33 kWh/100 mi AWD (2027); 35 kWh/100 mi for 2026 AWD with the 19 kW charger.",
          "confidence": "Market or version specific",
          "source": "https://www.fueleconomy.gov/feg/noframes/50841.shtml",
          "checked": "2026-10-18"
        }
      },
      "evidence": {
        "tests": 6,
        "testers": 3,
        "claimsJudged": 3,
        "claimsHolding": 1,
        "winterRangePctOfOfficial": null,
        "safety": "5 stars, NHTSA 2025"
      },
      "lastChecked": "2026-10-18"
    },
    {
      "id": "citroen/e-c3",
      "name": "Citroën ë-C3",
      "brand": "Citroën",
      "model": "ë-C3",
      "url": "https://charjin.com/cars/citroen/e-c3",
      "markdown": "https://charjin.com/cars/citroen/e-c3.md",
      "powertrain": "Electric",
      "body": "Hatchback",
      "seats": 5,
      "summary": "Citroën's low-priced electric small car, with a 44 kWh Standard Range or 30 kWh Urban Range battery.",
      "verdict": "ADAC measured 19.9 kWh/100 km and a 255 km Ecotest range for the 44 kWh car against 322 km WLTP, and What Car? calculated about 155 miles in summer. Rapid charging is slow, at 36 minutes from 10 to 80 per cent in ADAC's test, and no current Euro NCAP rating was found.",
      "official": {
        "official_range": {
          "value": "Up to 202 miles",
          "conditions": "WLTP, UK: Standard Range (44 kWh) up to 202 miles, Urban Range (30 kWh) up to 132 miles (the same page also says 130 miles). Citroën UK model page.",
          "cycle": "WLTP",
          "confidence": "Market or version specific",
          "source": "https://www.citroen.co.uk/models/e-c3.html",
          "checked": "2026-10-18"
        },
        "battery": {
          "value": "30 or 44 kWh",
          "conditions": "Battery capacities as quoted by Citroën UK; ADAC lists 29.3 and 43.8 kWh net. Both use an 83 kW (113 hp) motor.",
          "confidence": "Market or version specific",
          "source": "https://www.citroen.co.uk/models/e-c3.html",
          "checked": "2026-10-18"
        },
        "rapid_charging": {
          "value": "Up to 100 kW",
          "conditions": "Standard Range: up to 100 kW DC, 20–80% in about 26 minutes; Urban Range: 20–80% in 36 minutes. Citroën UK.",
          "confidence": "Market or version specific",
          "source": "https://www.citroen.co.uk/models/e-c3.html",
          "checked": "2026-10-18"
        },
        "efficiency": {
          "value": "16.7 kWh/100 km",
          "conditions": "WLTP combined for the 113 Standard Range as listed by ADAC from manufacturer data (16.5 for the Urban Range); Citroën UK's model page gives no consumption figure.",
          "confidence": "Local check needed",
          "source": "https://www.adac.de/rund-ums-fahrzeug/autokatalog/marken-modelle/citroen/citroen-e-c3/",
          "checked": "2026-10-18"
        }
      },
      "evidence": {
        "tests": 3,
        "testers": 2,
        "claimsJudged": 1,
        "claimsHolding": 0,
        "winterRangePctOfOfficial": null,
        "safety": null
      },
      "lastChecked": "2026-10-18"
    },
    {
      "id": "ford/mustang-mach-e",
      "name": "Ford Mustang Mach-E",
      "brand": "Ford",
      "model": "Mustang Mach-E",
      "url": "https://charjin.com/cars/ford/mustang-mach-e",
      "markdown": "https://charjin.com/cars/ford/mustang-mach-e.md",
      "powertrain": "Electric",
      "body": "SUV",
      "seats": 5,
      "summary": "Ford's electric mid-size SUV, sold with a standard or extended-range battery, rear- or all-wheel drive, and as the faster GT and Rally.",
      "verdict": "Edmunds' tests match the EPA figures closely, with a 2025 Premium AWD at 301 miles against 300, and NAF measured 18% below WLTP on a 2021 extended-range car in mild Norwegian winter weather. Charging is the weak point: Ford quotes about 32 minutes for 10–80%, NAF needed 45 minutes on an early car, and the recall list is long.",
      "official": {
        "official_range": {
          "value": "240–320 miles",
          "conditions": "EPA, 2026 US models on fueleconomy.gov: 260 miles RWD and 240 miles AWD with the standard battery, 320 miles RWD and 300 miles AWD extended range, 280 miles GT, 255 miles Rally. Ford UK quotes up to 382 miles WLTP for the Premium RWD Extended Range.",
          "cycle": "EPA",
          "confidence": "Market or version specific",
          "source": "https://www.fueleconomy.gov/feg/noframes/50205.shtml",
          "checked": "2026-10-18"
        },
        "battery": {
          "value": "73 or 88 kWh",
          "conditions": "Standard-range 73 kWh or extended-range 88 kWh on Ford's 2026 US site; Ford UK describes the standard battery as 72 kWh. Ford does not say whether these are usable figures.",
          "confidence": "Market or version specific",
          "source": "https://www.ford.com/suvs/mach-e/",
          "checked": "2026-10-18"
        },
        "rapid_charging": {
          "value": "About 32 minutes 10–80%",
          "conditions": "Ford UK claims 32.3 minutes for 10–80%, based on a Select RWD with the 72 kWh standard battery at 23 °C. Neither the Ford UK nor the Ford US page checked gives a peak kW figure.",
          "confidence": "Market or version specific",
          "source": "https://www.ford.co.uk/cars/mustang-mach-e",
          "checked": "2026-10-18"
        },
        "efficiency": {
          "value": "From 31 kWh/100 mi",
          "conditions": "EPA combined, 2026 US models: 31 kWh/100 mi for RWD versions, 32–34 for AWD, 37 for GT and 40 for Rally.",
          "confidence": "Market or version specific",
          "source": "https://www.fueleconomy.gov/feg/noframes/50205.shtml",
          "checked": "2026-10-18"
        }
      },
      "evidence": {
        "tests": 8,
        "testers": 4,
        "claimsJudged": 3,
        "claimsHolding": 2,
        "winterRangePctOfOfficial": 91,
        "safety": "5 stars, Euro NCAP 2021"
      },
      "lastChecked": "2026-10-18"
    },
    {
      "id": "honda/cr-v-hybrid",
      "name": "Honda CR-V Hybrid",
      "brand": "Honda",
      "model": "CR-V Hybrid",
      "url": "https://charjin.com/cars/honda/cr-v-hybrid",
      "markdown": "https://charjin.com/cars/honda/cr-v-hybrid.md",
      "powertrain": "Hybrid / PHEV",
      "body": "SUV",
      "seats": 5,
      "summary": "A spacious mainstream SUV offered with self-charging and plug-in hybrid systems depending on market.",
      "verdict": "A practical hybrid for family use. Buyers need to separate e:HEV and e:PHEV specifications because their ownership patterns are very different.",
      "official": {
        "official_range": {
          "value": "Market dependent",
          "conditions": "Electric range applies to PHEV only",
          "cycle": null,
          "confidence": "Local check needed",
          "source": "https://global.honda/en/tech/two_motor_hybrid_system_honda_eHEV/",
          "checked": "2026-07-28"
        },
        "battery": {
          "value": "Varies by powertrain",
          "conditions": "Capacity and availability can change by version",
          "confidence": "Local check needed",
          "source": "https://global.honda/en/tech/two_motor_hybrid_system_honda_eHEV/",
          "checked": "2026-07-28"
        },
        "rapid_charging": {
          "value": "Not generally supported",
          "conditions": "AC charging for PHEV versions",
          "confidence": "Market or version specific",
          "source": "https://global.honda/en/tech/two_motor_hybrid_system_honda_eHEV/",
          "checked": "2026-07-28"
        },
        "efficiency": {
          "value": "Testing standard dependent",
          "conditions": "Official figure; testing standard can differ by market",
          "confidence": "Local check needed",
          "source": "https://global.honda/en/tech/two_motor_hybrid_system_honda_eHEV/",
          "checked": "2026-07-28"
        }
      },
      "evidence": {
        "tests": 5,
        "testers": 3,
        "claimsJudged": 2,
        "claimsHolding": 0,
        "winterRangePctOfOfficial": null,
        "safety": "4 stars, Euro NCAP 2024"
      },
      "lastChecked": "2026-07-28"
    },
    {
      "id": "hyundai/inster",
      "name": "Hyundai Inster",
      "brand": "Hyundai",
      "model": "Inster",
      "url": "https://charjin.com/cars/hyundai/inster",
      "markdown": "https://charjin.com/cars/hyundai/inster.md",
      "powertrain": "Electric",
      "body": "Hatchback",
      "seats": 4,
      "summary": "Hyundai's small electric city car with a 42 kWh or 49 kWh battery, four seats and a flexible interior.",
      "verdict": "Good range for a car this size: NAF covered 373 km in summer, beating the 360 km WLTP figure, and ADAC measured a frugal 15.9 kWh/100 km. Winter is the weak point, with NAF recording 256 km in temperatures down to −31 °C, and charging at up to 85 kW takes 30–35 minutes from 10–80%.",
      "official": {
        "official_range": {
          "value": "327–370 km",
          "conditions": "WLTP, Hyundai Germany: 327 km for the 42 kWh Select, up to 370 km for the 49 kWh Prime on 15-inch alloys, 360 km for Inster Cross.",
          "cycle": "WLTP",
          "confidence": "Market or version specific",
          "source": "https://www.hyundai.com/de/de/modelle/inster.html",
          "checked": "2026-10-18"
        },
        "battery": {
          "value": "42 or 49 kWh",
          "conditions": "Hyundai Germany and UK list 42 kWh and 49 kWh batteries. Usable capacity is not stated.",
          "confidence": "Published reference",
          "source": "https://www.hyundai.com/de/de/modelle/inster.html",
          "checked": "2026-10-18"
        },
        "rapid_charging": {
          "value": "10–80% in about 30 minutes",
          "conditions": "Hyundai Germany claims about 30 minutes at a DC charger of at least 350 kW; no peak power is given on the page. ADAC quotes Hyundai's figures as 85 kW for the 49 kWh battery and 73 kW for the 42 kWh battery.",
          "confidence": "Market or version specific",
          "source": "https://www.hyundai.com/de/de/modelle/inster.html",
          "checked": "2026-10-18"
        },
        "efficiency": {
          "value": "14.3–15.1 kWh/100 km",
          "conditions": "WLTP combined, Hyundai Germany: 14.3 kWh/100 km for the 42 kWh Select, 14.9 for the 49 kWh Prime on 15-inch alloys, 15.1 for Inster Cross and Lounge.",
          "confidence": "Market or version specific",
          "source": "https://www.hyundai.com/de/de/modelle/inster.html",
          "checked": "2026-10-18"
        }
      },
      "evidence": {
        "tests": 6,
        "testers": 3,
        "claimsJudged": 4,
        "claimsHolding": 2,
        "winterRangePctOfOfficial": 71,
        "safety": "4 stars, Euro NCAP 2025"
      },
      "lastChecked": "2026-10-18"
    },
    {
      "id": "hyundai/ioniq-5",
      "name": "Hyundai Ioniq 5",
      "brand": "Hyundai",
      "model": "Ioniq 5",
      "url": "https://charjin.com/cars/hyundai/ioniq-5",
      "markdown": "https://charjin.com/cars/hyundai/ioniq-5.md",
      "powertrain": "Electric",
      "body": "Crossover",
      "seats": 5,
      "summary": "A spacious electric crossover built around an 800-volt platform and very rapid charging.",
      "verdict": "A standout choice for fast charging and cabin space. Efficiency, rear visibility, and market-specific battery options deserve attention.",
      "official": {
        "official_range": {
          "value": "Up to 570 km",
          "conditions": "WLTP, version dependent",
          "cycle": "WLTP",
          "confidence": "Market or version specific",
          "source": "https://www.hyundai.com/worldwide/en/eco/ioniq5/highlights",
          "checked": "2026-07-28"
        },
        "battery": {
          "value": "Up to 84 kWh",
          "conditions": "Capacity and availability can change by version",
          "confidence": "Market or version specific",
          "source": "https://www.hyundai.com/worldwide/en/eco/ioniq5/highlights",
          "checked": "2026-07-28"
        },
        "rapid_charging": {
          "value": "Up to 260 kW",
          "conditions": "10–80% in about 18 minutes claimed",
          "confidence": "Published reference",
          "source": "https://www.hyundai.com/worldwide/en/eco/ioniq5/highlights",
          "checked": "2026-07-28"
        },
        "efficiency": {
          "value": "From 15.6 kWh/100 km",
          "conditions": "Official figure; testing standard can differ by market",
          "confidence": "Market or version specific",
          "source": "https://www.hyundai.com/worldwide/en/eco/ioniq5/highlights",
          "checked": "2026-07-28"
        }
      },
      "evidence": {
        "tests": 8,
        "testers": 5,
        "claimsJudged": 3,
        "claimsHolding": 2,
        "winterRangePctOfOfficial": 86,
        "safety": "5 stars, Euro NCAP 2021"
      },
      "lastChecked": "2026-07-28"
    },
    {
      "id": "hyundai/ioniq-6",
      "name": "Hyundai Ioniq 6",
      "brand": "Hyundai",
      "model": "Ioniq 6",
      "url": "https://charjin.com/cars/hyundai/ioniq-6",
      "markdown": "https://charjin.com/cars/hyundai/ioniq-6.md",
      "powertrain": "Electric",
      "body": "Sedan",
      "seats": 5,
      "summary": "Hyundai's streamlined electric saloon with an 800-volt system, offered with a 63 kWh or 84 kWh battery and facelifted in 2025.",
      "verdict": "One of the most efficient electric cars tested: ADAC measured 17.0 kWh/100 km on the facelifted 84 kWh rear-wheel-drive car, giving 532 km against 680 km WLTP, and charged it from 10–80% in Hyundai's claimed 18 minutes. Cold weather is the caveat, as NAF's winter test of the earlier car took 34 minutes to charge and covered 468 km against 614 km WLTP.",
      "official": {
        "official_range": {
          "value": "521–680 km",
          "conditions": "WLTP, Hyundai Germany: 521 km for 63 kWh RWD, up to 680 km for 84 kWh RWD on 18-inch wheels; the 239 kW dual-motor version is listed at 570 km. US EPA (fueleconomy.gov): 361 miles for the 2024 Long Range RWD on 18-inch wheels.",
          "cycle": "WLTP",
          "confidence": "Market or version specific",
          "source": "https://www.hyundai.com/de/de/modelle/ioniq-6.html",
          "checked": "2026-10-18"
        },
        "battery": {
          "value": "63 or 84 kWh",
          "conditions": "Hyundai Germany lists 63.0 and 84.0 kWh for the facelifted car; the long-range battery of earlier cars was 77.4 kWh. Usable capacity is not stated.",
          "confidence": "Market or version specific",
          "source": "https://www.hyundai.com/de/de/modelle/ioniq-6.html",
          "checked": "2026-10-18"
        },
        "rapid_charging": {
          "value": "10–80% in about 18 minutes",
          "conditions": "Hyundai Germany claims about 18 minutes on 350–400 kW chargers; the page does not state a peak power. ADAC quotes Hyundai's figure as 260 kW and measured up to 265 kW.",
          "confidence": "Market or version specific",
          "source": "https://www.hyundai.com/de/de/modelle/ioniq-6.html",
          "checked": "2026-10-18"
        },
        "efficiency": {
          "value": "From 13.4 kWh/100 km",
          "conditions": "WLTP combined, Hyundai Germany: 13.4 kWh/100 km for 63 kWh RWD, 13.5 for 84 kWh RWD on 18-inch wheels, 15.9 for the 239 kW version.",
          "confidence": "Market or version specific",
          "source": "https://www.hyundai.com/de/de/modelle/ioniq-6.html",
          "checked": "2026-10-18"
        }
      },
      "evidence": {
        "tests": 9,
        "testers": 5,
        "claimsJudged": 5,
        "claimsHolding": 2,
        "winterRangePctOfOfficial": 65,
        "safety": "5 stars, Euro NCAP 2022"
      },
      "lastChecked": "2026-10-18"
    },
    {
      "id": "hyundai/kona-electric",
      "name": "Hyundai Kona Electric",
      "brand": "Hyundai",
      "model": "Kona Electric",
      "url": "https://charjin.com/cars/hyundai/kona-electric",
      "markdown": "https://charjin.com/cars/hyundai/kona-electric.md",
      "powertrain": "Electric",
      "body": "Crossover",
      "seats": 5,
      "summary": "Hyundai's small electric SUV, now in its second generation, with a 49 kWh or 65 kWh battery and front-wheel drive.",
      "verdict": "Range is respectable for the class but well short of WLTP: ADAC measured 410 km against 513 km, and NAF's 2024 winter test on 19-inch wheels managed 341 km against 454 km. Charging is slow by current standards, at 37–39 minutes from 10–80% in NAF and ADAC tests.",
      "official": {
        "official_range": {
          "value": "380–510 km",
          "conditions": "WLTP, Hyundai Germany: 380 km for the 49 kWh Select, up to 510 km for the 65 kWh 150 kW version on 17-inch wheels; N Line X 458 km. US EPA (fueleconomy.gov, 2025): 230 miles on 19-inch wheels, 261 miles on 17-inch.",
          "cycle": "WLTP",
          "confidence": "Market or version specific",
          "source": "https://www.hyundai.com/de/de/modelle/kona-elektro.html",
          "checked": "2026-10-18"
        },
        "battery": {
          "value": "49 or 65 kWh",
          "conditions": "Hyundai Germany lists 49 kWh and 65 kWh; ADAC and NAF give the larger pack as 65.4 kWh. Usable capacity is not stated.",
          "confidence": "Market or version specific",
          "source": "https://www.hyundai.com/de/de/modelle/kona-elektro.html",
          "checked": "2026-10-18"
        },
        "rapid_charging": {
          "value": "10–80% in about 38.5 minutes",
          "conditions": "Hyundai Germany claims about 38.5 minutes at a 350 kW charger without saying which battery; no peak power is given on the page. ADAC lists 102 kW DC for the 65.4 kWh car.",
          "confidence": "Local check needed",
          "source": "https://www.hyundai.com/de/de/modelle/kona-elektro.html",
          "checked": "2026-10-18"
        },
        "efficiency": {
          "value": "14.6–16.2 kWh/100 km",
          "conditions": "WLTP combined, Hyundai Germany: 14.6 kWh/100 km for the 49 kWh Select, 14.7 for the 65 kWh 150 kW on 17-inch wheels, 16.2 for N Line X.",
          "confidence": "Market or version specific",
          "source": "https://www.hyundai.com/de/de/modelle/kona-elektro.html",
          "checked": "2026-10-18"
        }
      },
      "evidence": {
        "tests": 8,
        "testers": 5,
        "claimsJudged": 3,
        "claimsHolding": 1,
        "winterRangePctOfOfficial": 93,
        "safety": "4 stars, Euro NCAP 2023"
      },
      "lastChecked": "2026-10-18"
    },
    {
      "id": "hyundai/tucson-hybrid",
      "name": "Hyundai Tucson Hybrid",
      "brand": "Hyundai",
      "model": "Tucson Hybrid",
      "url": "https://charjin.com/cars/hyundai/tucson-hybrid",
      "markdown": "https://charjin.com/cars/hyundai/tucson-hybrid.md",
      "powertrain": "Hybrid / PHEV",
      "body": "SUV",
      "seats": 5,
      "summary": "A self-charging hybrid family SUV with a 1.6-litre turbo petrol engine, an electric motor and a small 1.5 kWh battery.",
      "verdict": "ADAC measured 6.4 L/100 km against 5.9 L/100 km WLTP on the earlier 230 PS car, so expect a little more than the official 5.6–5.8 L/100 km of the current model. It needs no charging and carries a five-star Euro NCAP rating, but Hyundai revealed an all-new Tucson in October 2026, so check which generation you are buying.",
      "official": {
        "official_range": {
          "value": "Not a plug-in",
          "conditions": "Self-charging hybrid; no electric range figure",
          "cycle": null,
          "confidence": "Published reference",
          "source": "https://dmassets.hyundai.com/is/content/hyundaiautoever/TUCSON_Tech_Specpdf",
          "checked": "2026-10-18"
        },
        "battery": {
          "value": "1.5 kWh",
          "conditions": "Gross, lithium-ion polymer, as listed in ADAC's catalogue (maker data) for the Tucson 1.6 T-GDI HEV built from 09/25; ADAC's 2021 test gives 1.49 kWh. Hyundai UK's spec sheet names the battery type but not its capacity.",
          "confidence": "Market or version specific",
          "source": "https://www.adac.de/rund-ums-fahrzeug/autokatalog/marken-modelle/hyundai/tucson/3generation-facelift/344983/",
          "checked": "2026-10-18"
        },
        "rapid_charging": {
          "value": "No charging socket",
          "conditions": "Self-charging hybrid; ADAC notes there is no external charging socket and the battery is charged by the motor acting as a generator.",
          "confidence": "Published reference",
          "source": "https://assets.adac.de/image/upload/Autodatenbank/Autotest/AT6097_Hyundai_Tucson_1_6_T_GDI_Hybrid_Prime_Automatik/Hyundai_Tucson_1_6_T_GDI_Hybrid_Prime_Automatik.pdf",
          "checked": "2026-10-18"
        },
        "efficiency": {
          "value": "5.6–5.8 L/100 km",
          "conditions": "WLTP combined, Hyundai UK MY27 spec sheet (October 2026), 1.6T 239 PS Hybrid 6AT: 50.4 mpg (5.6 L/100 km) for Element on 17-inch wheels, 49.6 mpg (5.7) for Black Line, 48.7 mpg (5.8) for N Line Edition, N Line S and Ultimate; 126–132 g/km CO2. US EPA 2026 Tucson Hybrid AWD: 36 mpg combined (38 mpg Blue).",
          "confidence": "Market or version specific",
          "source": "https://dmassets.hyundai.com/is/content/hyundaiautoever/TUCSON_Tech_Specpdf",
          "checked": "2026-10-18"
        }
      },
      "evidence": {
        "tests": 3,
        "testers": 3,
        "claimsJudged": 1,
        "claimsHolding": 0,
        "winterRangePctOfOfficial": null,
        "safety": "5 stars, Euro NCAP 2021"
      },
      "lastChecked": "2026-10-18"
    },
    {
      "id": "jaecoo/7-shs",
      "name": "Jaecoo 7 SHS",
      "brand": "Jaecoo",
      "model": "7 SHS",
      "url": "https://charjin.com/cars/jaecoo/7-shs",
      "markdown": "https://charjin.com/cars/jaecoo/7-shs.md",
      "powertrain": "Hybrid / PHEV",
      "body": "SUV",
      "seats": 5,
      "summary": "A front-wheel-drive plug-in hybrid SUV with a 1.5-litre turbo petrol engine, an 18.3–18.4 kWh battery and DC charging.",
      "verdict": "Jaecoo quotes 56 miles of WLTP electric range and DC charging from 30 to 80% in 20 minutes, which is more than many plug-in hybrids offer. The only independent result found is a five-star Euro NCAP rating; no independent range or fuel test could be read, so real-world economy is unconfirmed.",
      "official": {
        "official_range": {
          "value": "Up to 56 miles electric",
          "conditions": "WLTP, Jaecoo UK, SHS-P plug-in hybrid (Luxury and Black Luxury). ADAC's catalogue lists 90 km as maker data for the German 1.5 TGDI PHEV from 01/26.",
          "cycle": "WLTP",
          "confidence": "Market or version specific",
          "source": "https://jaecoo.co.uk/jaecoo-7/",
          "checked": "2026-10-18"
        },
        "battery": {
          "value": "18.3–18.4 kWh",
          "conditions": "SHS-P plug-in hybrid, Jaecoo UK. The SHS-H self-charging hybrid has a 1.83 kWh battery.",
          "confidence": "Published reference",
          "source": "https://jaecoo.co.uk/jaecoo-7/",
          "checked": "2026-10-18"
        },
        "rapid_charging": {
          "value": "Up to 40 kW",
          "conditions": "DC, 30–80% in 20 minutes claimed; AC 6.6 kW, 25–100% in 2.7 hours. Jaecoo UK.",
          "confidence": "Published reference",
          "source": "https://jaecoo.co.uk/jaecoo-7/",
          "checked": "2026-10-18"
        },
        "efficiency": {
          "value": "47.1 mpg combined (as listed)",
          "conditions": "Jaecoo UK lists 47.1 mpg WLTP combined alongside 23 g/km CO2 without saying which is weighted; its mpg phase figures (88.3 low to 36.2 extra-high) look like battery-empty running. ADAC's catalogue (Germany, maker data) lists 2.4 L/100 km and 15.1 kWh/100 km weighted, and 6.0 L/100 km with the battery empty.",
          "confidence": "Local check needed",
          "source": "https://jaecoo.co.uk/jaecoo-7/",
          "checked": "2026-10-18"
        }
      },
      "evidence": {
        "tests": 1,
        "testers": 1,
        "claimsJudged": 0,
        "claimsHolding": 0,
        "winterRangePctOfOfficial": null,
        "safety": "5 stars, Euro NCAP 2025"
      },
      "lastChecked": "2026-10-18"
    },
    {
      "id": "kia/ev3",
      "name": "Kia EV3",
      "brand": "Kia",
      "model": "EV3",
      "url": "https://charjin.com/cars/kia/ev3",
      "markdown": "https://charjin.com/cars/kia/ev3.md",
      "powertrain": "Electric",
      "body": "Crossover",
      "seats": 5,
      "summary": "A compact electric crossover focused on usable range, interior space, and mainstream pricing.",
      "verdict": "A smart compact-family choice with strong range. Confirm charging performance and heat-pump availability for the version sold locally.",
      "official": {
        "official_range": {
          "value": "Up to 605 km",
          "conditions": "WLTP, 81.4 kWh, RWD, 17-inch wheels, Ireland; 436 km for the 58.3 kWh Standard Range. The old worldwide.kia.com/int/ev3 link now redirects to a general EV line-up page",
          "cycle": "WLTP",
          "confidence": "Market or version specific",
          "source": "https://www.kia.com/ie/new-cars/ev3/discover/",
          "checked": "2026-10-19"
        },
        "battery": {
          "value": "58.3 or 81.4 kWh",
          "conditions": "Standard Range and Long Range, Ireland",
          "confidence": "Market or version specific",
          "source": "https://www.kia.com/ie/new-cars/ev3/discover/",
          "checked": "2026-10-19"
        },
        "rapid_charging": {
          "value": "10–80% in about 31 minutes",
          "conditions": "Kia Ireland's claim; it does not state a peak kW figure, so the 128 kW in cars.json is not confirmed on this page",
          "confidence": "Published reference",
          "source": "https://www.kia.com/ie/new-cars/ev3/discover/",
          "checked": "2026-10-19"
        },
        "efficiency": {
          "value": "From 14.9 kWh/100 km",
          "conditions": "WLTP combined 14.9–16.2 kWh/100 km, Ireland",
          "confidence": "Market or version specific",
          "source": "https://www.kia.com/ie/new-cars/ev3/discover/",
          "checked": "2026-10-19"
        }
      },
      "evidence": {
        "tests": 6,
        "testers": 3,
        "claimsJudged": 2,
        "claimsHolding": 1,
        "winterRangePctOfOfficial": 93,
        "safety": "4 stars, Euro NCAP 2025"
      },
      "lastChecked": "2026-07-28"
    },
    {
      "id": "kia/ev5",
      "name": "Kia EV5",
      "brand": "Kia",
      "model": "EV5",
      "url": "https://charjin.com/cars/kia/ev5",
      "markdown": "https://charjin.com/cars/kia/ev5.md",
      "powertrain": "Electric",
      "body": "SUV",
      "seats": 5,
      "summary": "A family-sized electric SUV from Kia, sold in Europe with an 81.4 kWh battery and front-wheel drive.",
      "verdict": "The range claim holds at moderate speeds, with NAF covering 509 km in summer against 520 km WLTP, and NAF's charging test matched Kia's 30-minute claim. At motorway speeds it is thirsty: ADAC's mixed cycle used 23.9 kWh/100 km and gave 371 km against 505 km WLTP.",
      "official": {
        "official_range": {
          "value": "505–530 km",
          "conditions": "WLTP, front-wheel drive with 81.4 kWh battery, Kia Ireland: up to 530 km on 18-inch wheels, 520 km for Earth on 19-inch, 505 km for GT-Line on 19-inch.",
          "cycle": "WLTP",
          "confidence": "Market or version specific",
          "source": "https://www.kia.com/ie/new-cars/ev5/",
          "checked": "2026-10-18"
        },
        "battery": {
          "value": "81.4 kWh",
          "conditions": "Kia Ireland, Germany and UK list the 81.4 kWh battery for the European EV5. Usable capacity is not stated; NAF lists 78 kWh net for its test car.",
          "confidence": "Market or version specific",
          "source": "https://www.kia.com/ie/new-cars/ev5/",
          "checked": "2026-10-18"
        },
        "rapid_charging": {
          "value": "Up to 150 kW",
          "conditions": "10–80% in about 30 minutes claimed, on a charger delivering at least 150 kW. Kia Ireland.",
          "confidence": "Market or version specific",
          "source": "https://www.kia.com/ie/new-cars/ev5/",
          "checked": "2026-10-18"
        },
        "efficiency": {
          "value": "16.9–18.1 kWh/100 km",
          "conditions": "WLTP combined, Kia Germany; EV5 GT 18.6 kWh/100 km.",
          "confidence": "Market or version specific",
          "source": "https://www.kia.com/de/modelle/ev5/",
          "checked": "2026-10-18"
        }
      },
      "evidence": {
        "tests": 4,
        "testers": 3,
        "claimsJudged": 3,
        "claimsHolding": 2,
        "winterRangePctOfOfficial": null,
        "safety": "5 stars, Euro NCAP 2025"
      },
      "lastChecked": "2026-10-18"
    },
    {
      "id": "kia/ev6",
      "name": "Kia EV6",
      "brand": "Kia",
      "model": "EV6",
      "url": "https://charjin.com/cars/kia/ev6",
      "markdown": "https://charjin.com/cars/kia/ev6.md",
      "powertrain": "Electric",
      "body": "Crossover",
      "seats": 5,
      "summary": "Kia's mid-size electric crossover with an 800-volt system, offered with a 63 kWh or 84 kWh battery and rear- or all-wheel drive.",
      "verdict": "Fast charging is the EV6's strength, although NAF's winter test of the earlier car took 35 minutes against Kia's 18-minute claim. ADAC measured 20.1 kWh/100 km on the facelifted 84 kWh rear-wheel-drive car against 15.9 WLTP, so expect around 460 km rather than 582 km in mixed European driving; Edmunds beat the EPA figure on its slower US route.",
      "official": {
        "official_range": {
          "value": "Up to 582 km",
          "conditions": "WLTP, 84 kWh rear-wheel drive, Kia Germany and Kia Ireland. A 63 kWh version is also sold; Kia UK quotes up to 265 miles WLTP for it. US EPA (fueleconomy.gov, 2025): 237 miles Standard Range RWD to 319 miles Long Range RWD.",
          "cycle": "WLTP",
          "confidence": "Market or version specific",
          "source": "https://www.kia.com/de/modelle/ev6/",
          "checked": "2026-10-18"
        },
        "battery": {
          "value": "63 or 84 kWh",
          "conditions": "Kia Germany lists a 63 kWh and an 84 kWh pack; the 84 kWh pack replaced the 77.4 kWh pack of 2021–2024 cars. Usable capacity is not stated on the page.",
          "confidence": "Market or version specific",
          "source": "https://www.kia.com/de/modelle/ev6/",
          "checked": "2026-10-18"
        },
        "rapid_charging": {
          "value": "Up to 260 kW",
          "conditions": "10–80% in 18 minutes claimed for the 84 kWh car on an 800-volt charger delivering at least 260 kW. Kia Ireland.",
          "confidence": "Market or version specific",
          "source": "https://www.kia.com/ie/new-cars/ev6/",
          "checked": "2026-10-18"
        },
        "efficiency": {
          "value": "16.4–17.7 kWh/100 km",
          "conditions": "WLTP combined, Kia Germany; EV6 GT 20.9 kWh/100 km. Kia Ireland quotes 15.9–17.7 kWh/100 km, and ADAC lists 15.9 for the 84 kWh Earth RWD.",
          "confidence": "Market or version specific",
          "source": "https://www.kia.com/de/modelle/ev6/",
          "checked": "2026-10-18"
        }
      },
      "evidence": {
        "tests": 7,
        "testers": 5,
        "claimsJudged": 3,
        "claimsHolding": 1,
        "winterRangePctOfOfficial": 66,
        "safety": "5 stars, Euro NCAP 2022"
      },
      "lastChecked": "2026-10-18"
    },
    {
      "id": "kia/ev9",
      "name": "Kia EV9",
      "brand": "Kia",
      "model": "EV9",
      "url": "https://charjin.com/cars/kia/ev9",
      "markdown": "https://charjin.com/cars/kia/ev9.md",
      "powertrain": "Electric",
      "body": "SUV",
      "seats": 7,
      "summary": "Kia's largest electric SUV, a six- or seven-seater with a 99.8 kWh battery and rear- or all-wheel drive.",
      "verdict": "Efficient for its size: ADAC measured 22.2 kWh/100 km on the all-wheel-drive GT-Line, just under the WLTP figure, and NAF recorded 442 km in winter against 505 km WLTP. Charging matched Kia's 24-minute claim in both ADAC and NAF tests, but US buyers should check a long recall list for 2024–2026 cars.",
      "official": {
        "official_range": {
          "value": "Up to 563 km",
          "conditions": "WLTP, Kia Germany: up to 563 km for rear-wheel drive and 497–503 km for all-wheel drive, all on 19-inch wheels; Kia Ireland quotes 505 km for AWD on 21-inch wheels. US EPA (fueleconomy.gov): 270 miles for the 2024 Long Range AWD GT-Line.",
          "cycle": "WLTP",
          "confidence": "Market or version specific",
          "source": "https://www.kia.com/de/modelle/ev9/",
          "checked": "2026-10-18"
        },
        "battery": {
          "value": "99.8 kWh",
          "conditions": "Kia Germany and Ireland: 99.8 kWh in both rear- and all-wheel-drive versions. Usable capacity is not stated; NAF lists 96 kWh net for its test car.",
          "confidence": "Published reference",
          "source": "https://www.kia.com/de/modelle/ev9/",
          "checked": "2026-10-18"
        },
        "rapid_charging": {
          "value": "10–80% in about 24 minutes",
          "conditions": "Kia Germany and Ireland claim 10–80% in about 24 minutes on an 800-volt charger; Kia UK says the charger must deliver at least 210 kW, Kia Ireland says at least 240 kW. No peak figure is given on these pages.",
          "confidence": "Market or version specific",
          "source": "https://www.kia.com/de/modelle/ev9/",
          "checked": "2026-10-18"
        },
        "efficiency": {
          "value": "19.5–22.8 kWh/100 km",
          "conditions": "WLTP combined, Kia Germany; EV9 GT 21.7 kWh/100 km.",
          "confidence": "Market or version specific",
          "source": "https://www.kia.com/de/modelle/ev9/",
          "checked": "2026-10-18"
        }
      },
      "evidence": {
        "tests": 8,
        "testers": 5,
        "claimsJudged": 4,
        "claimsHolding": 3,
        "winterRangePctOfOfficial": 94,
        "safety": "5 stars, Euro NCAP 2023"
      },
      "lastChecked": "2026-10-18"
    },
    {
      "id": "kia/sportage-phev",
      "name": "Kia Sportage Plug-in Hybrid",
      "brand": "Kia",
      "model": "Sportage Plug-in Hybrid",
      "url": "https://charjin.com/cars/kia/sportage-phev",
      "markdown": "https://charjin.com/cars/kia/sportage-phev.md",
      "powertrain": "Hybrid / PHEV",
      "body": "SUV",
      "seats": 5,
      "summary": "A family SUV with a 1.6-litre turbo petrol plug-in hybrid system, a 13.8 kWh battery and front- or four-wheel drive.",
      "verdict": "ADAC measured about 63 km of electric driving against a 70 km WLTP figure on the earlier four-wheel-drive car, and 7.0 L/100 km once the battery was empty. It makes sense if you can charge at home and most trips are short; there is no DC rapid charging.",
      "official": {
        "official_range": {
          "value": "40–44 miles electric",
          "conditions": "WLTP combined, Kia UK: 44 miles for 2WD (Pure, GT-Line), 40 miles for AWD (GT-Line, GT-Line S). ADAC's catalogue lists 66 km as maker data for the German 2WD Core. US EPA, 2026 Sportage Plug-in Hybrid AWD: 33 miles.",
          "cycle": "WLTP",
          "confidence": "Market or version specific",
          "source": "https://www.kia.com/uk/new-cars/sportage/specification/",
          "checked": "2026-10-18"
        },
        "battery": {
          "value": "13.8 kWh",
          "conditions": "Gross capacity as listed in ADAC's catalogue (maker data) for the facelifted Sportage 1.6 T-GDI Plug-In Hybrid, series start 07/25; Kia's UK and German pages do not state it. ADAC's 2022 test also gives 13.8 kWh.",
          "confidence": "Market or version specific",
          "source": "https://www.adac.de/rund-ums-fahrzeug/autokatalog/marken-modelle/kia/sportage/nq5-facelift/348112/",
          "checked": "2026-10-18"
        },
        "rapid_charging": {
          "value": "No DC rapid charging listed",
          "conditions": "AC only, 2.3–7.2 kW single-phase, Type 2 socket, per ADAC catalogue maker data; ADAC found a full charge took just under two hours at 7.2 kW on the earlier car.",
          "confidence": "Local check needed",
          "source": "https://www.adac.de/rund-ums-fahrzeug/autokatalog/marken-modelle/kia/sportage/nq5-facelift/348112/",
          "checked": "2026-10-18"
        },
        "efficiency": {
          "value": "88.2–104.6 mpg weighted",
          "conditions": "WLTP weighted combined, Kia UK: 104.6 mpg (2.7 L/100 km) 2WD, 88.2–91.1 mpg AWD. Kia Germany: 2.9–3.3 L/100 km plus 10.9–11.2 kWh/100 km weighted, 6.1–6.7 L/100 km with the battery empty. US EPA 2026 AWD: 36 mpg on petrol, 83 MPGe.",
          "confidence": "Market or version specific",
          "source": "https://www.kia.com/uk/new-cars/sportage/specification/",
          "checked": "2026-10-18"
        }
      },
      "evidence": {
        "tests": 4,
        "testers": 3,
        "claimsJudged": 1,
        "claimsHolding": 0,
        "winterRangePctOfOfficial": null,
        "safety": "5 stars, Euro NCAP 2022"
      },
      "lastChecked": "2026-10-18"
    },
    {
      "id": "leapmotor/c10",
      "name": "Leapmotor C10",
      "brand": "Leapmotor",
      "model": "C10",
      "url": "https://charjin.com/cars/leapmotor/c10",
      "markdown": "https://charjin.com/cars/leapmotor/c10.md",
      "powertrain": "Electric",
      "body": "SUV",
      "seats": 5,
      "summary": "A mid-size electric SUV with a 69.9 kWh or 81.9 kWh battery, offered with rear- or four-wheel drive.",
      "verdict": "Leapmotor quotes 420–510 km of WLTP range, and the newer 81.9 kWh ProMax charges at up to 180 kW against 84 kW for the 69.9 kWh Pro. It has a five-star Euro NCAP rating, but no independent range or charging test was found, so real-world range is unconfirmed.",
      "official": {
        "official_range": {
          "value": "420–510 km",
          "conditions": "WLTP, Leapmotor international site, battery-electric versions: 420 km Pro (69.9 kWh), 510 km ProMax (81.9 kWh), 437 km ProMax AWD. The site does not label the Pro and ProMax cards; ADAC's catalogue (maker data) matches this split and lists 425 km for the Pro Life from 10/25.",
          "cycle": "WLTP",
          "confidence": "Market or version specific",
          "source": "https://www.leapmotor.net/models/c10",
          "checked": "2026-10-18"
        },
        "battery": {
          "value": "69.9 or 81.9 kWh",
          "conditions": "69.9 kWh for Pro, 81.9 kWh for ProMax and ProMax AWD. Usable capacity not stated.",
          "confidence": "Market or version specific",
          "source": "https://www.leapmotor.net/models/c10",
          "checked": "2026-10-18"
        },
        "rapid_charging": {
          "value": "Up to 180 kW",
          "conditions": "ProMax and ProMax AWD: 180 kW, 30–80% in 22 minutes claimed. Pro: 84 kW, 30–80% in 30 minutes claimed. No 10–80% time is given.",
          "confidence": "Market or version specific",
          "source": "https://www.leapmotor.net/models/c10",
          "checked": "2026-10-18"
        },
        "efficiency": {
          "value": "From 18 kWh/100 km",
          "conditions": "WLTP: 18.0 kWh/100 km ProMax, 18.8 Pro, 20.9 ProMax AWD. Leapmotor international site.",
          "confidence": "Market or version specific",
          "source": "https://www.leapmotor.net/models/c10",
          "checked": "2026-10-18"
        }
      },
      "evidence": {
        "tests": 1,
        "testers": 1,
        "claimsJudged": 0,
        "claimsHolding": 0,
        "winterRangePctOfOfficial": null,
        "safety": "5 stars, Euro NCAP 2024"
      },
      "lastChecked": "2026-10-18"
    },
    {
      "id": "lucid/air",
      "name": "Lucid Air",
      "brand": "Lucid",
      "model": "Air",
      "url": "https://charjin.com/cars/lucid/air",
      "markdown": "https://charjin.com/cars/lucid/air.md",
      "powertrain": "Electric",
      "body": "Sedan",
      "seats": 5,
      "summary": "Lucid's large electric luxury saloon, offered as the Pure, Touring, Grand Touring and high-performance Sapphire, with the longest EPA range of any car on sale.",
      "verdict": "The Air Grand Touring set NAF's longest-ever summer result at 829 km and Car and Driver's longest 75 mph result at 410 miles, though NAF's result was still 14% below WLTP. Severe cold nearly halved NAF's winter result, and the US recall list is long, so check the car's history.",
      "official": {
        "official_range": {
          "value": "372–512 miles",
          "conditions": "EPA, 2026 US models on fueleconomy.gov: 512 miles Grand Touring on 19-inch wheels, 431 miles Touring, 427 miles Sapphire, 420 miles Pure (19-inch) down to 372 miles Pure on 20-inch wheels. NAF lists 960 km WLTP for the 2025 Grand Touring sold in Norway.",
          "cycle": "EPA",
          "confidence": "Market or version specific",
          "source": "https://www.fueleconomy.gov/feg/noframes/49966.shtml",
          "checked": "2026-10-18"
        },
        "battery": {
          "value": "Not published",
          "conditions": "Lucid's Air page gives no battery capacity. Car and Driver lists 118 kWh for the Grand Touring, 92 kWh for the Touring and 84 kWh for the Pure.",
          "confidence": "Local check needed",
          "source": "https://lucidmotors.com/air",
          "checked": "2026-10-18"
        },
        "rapid_charging": {
          "value": "200 miles in 12–16 minutes claimed",
          "conditions": "Lucid's 2027 claim on a 350 kW DC charger with 19-inch wheels: 12 minutes for the Grand Touring, 15 for the Sapphire, 16 for the Pure and Touring. Lucid does not publish a 10–80% time or a peak kW figure on this page.",
          "confidence": "Market or version specific",
          "source": "https://lucidmotors.com/air",
          "checked": "2026-10-18"
        },
        "efficiency": {
          "value": "From 23 kWh/100 mi",
          "conditions": "EPA combined, 2026 US models: 23 kWh/100 mi Pure on 19-inch wheels, 25–27 Touring, 26–30 Grand Touring, 32 Sapphire.",
          "confidence": "Market or version specific",
          "source": "https://www.fueleconomy.gov/feg/noframes/49969.shtml",
          "checked": "2026-10-18"
        }
      },
      "evidence": {
        "tests": 9,
        "testers": 5,
        "claimsJudged": 4,
        "claimsHolding": 0,
        "winterRangePctOfOfficial": 54,
        "safety": "5 stars, Euro NCAP 2022"
      },
      "lastChecked": "2026-10-18"
    },
    {
      "id": "mercedes-benz/cla-electric",
      "name": "Mercedes-Benz CLA Electric",
      "brand": "Mercedes-Benz",
      "model": "CLA Electric",
      "url": "https://charjin.com/cars/mercedes-benz/cla-electric",
      "markdown": "https://charjin.com/cars/mercedes-benz/cla-electric.md",
      "powertrain": "Electric",
      "body": "Sedan",
      "seats": 5,
      "summary": "The electric version of Mercedes-Benz's CLA, launched in 2025 on an 800-volt platform with an 85 kWh battery in the longer-range versions and also sold as a Shooting Brake estate.",
      "verdict": "The CLA is unusually efficient: Edmunds beat the EPA range by 16% with a CLA 250+ and by 23% with a CLA 350 4MATIC, and NAF's summer test of a Shooting Brake came within 5% of WLTP. Severe cold cuts it hard, though: NAF measured 421 km against 709 km WLTP at down to −31 °C, with peak charging falling to 198 kW.",
      "official": {
        "official_range": {
          "value": "Up to 792 km",
          "conditions": "WLTP, Mercedes-Benz Germany: up to 792 km for the CLA 250+. Mercedes-Benz UK lists 328 miles for the CLA 200 and 480 miles for the CLA 250+. US EPA on fueleconomy.gov: 312 miles CLA 350 4MATIC, 317 or 374 miles for the two listed CLA 250+ variants.",
          "cycle": "WLTP",
          "confidence": "Market or version specific",
          "source": "https://www.mercedes-benz.de/passengercars/models/saloon/cla-electric/overview.html",
          "checked": "2026-10-18"
        },
        "battery": {
          "value": "85 kWh usable",
          "conditions": "Usable capacity for the CLA 250+ and CLA 350 4MATIC, from Mercedes-Benz Italia's launch release. Mercedes does not give the capacity of the CLA 200 and CLA 250 on the pages checked.",
          "confidence": "Market or version specific",
          "source": "https://media.mercedes-benz.it/nuova-mercedes-benz-cla-la-nuova-era-dellauto/",
          "checked": "2026-10-18"
        },
        "rapid_charging": {
          "value": "Up to 320 kW",
          "conditions": "320 kW for the CLA 250+ and CLA 350 4MATIC; 10–80% in 22 minutes claimed for the CLA 250+ and 20 minutes for the CLA 200 (Mercedes-Benz UK); up to 325 km added in 10 minutes (Mercedes-Benz Germany).",
          "confidence": "Market or version specific",
          "source": "https://www.mercedes-benz.co.uk/passengercars/models/saloon/cla-electric/overview.html",
          "checked": "2026-10-18"
        },
        "efficiency": {
          "value": "From 12.3 kWh/100 km",
          "conditions": "WLTP combined, Mercedes-Benz Germany: 12.3–14.7 kWh/100 km CLA 200, 12.4–14.7 CLA 250, 12.3–14.6 CLA 250+, 12.7–15.2 CLA 350 4MATIC. US EPA: 27–31 kWh/100 mi.",
          "confidence": "Market or version specific",
          "source": "https://www.mercedes-benz.de/passengercars/models/saloon/cla-electric/overview.html",
          "checked": "2026-10-18"
        }
      },
      "evidence": {
        "tests": 9,
        "testers": 5,
        "claimsJudged": 4,
        "claimsHolding": 4,
        "winterRangePctOfOfficial": 76,
        "safety": "5 stars, Euro NCAP 2025"
      },
      "lastChecked": "2026-10-18"
    },
    {
      "id": "mg/mg3-hybrid",
      "name": "MG MG3 Hybrid+",
      "brand": "MG",
      "model": "MG3 Hybrid+",
      "url": "https://charjin.com/cars/mg/mg3-hybrid",
      "markdown": "https://charjin.com/cars/mg/mg3-hybrid.md",
      "powertrain": "Hybrid / PHEV",
      "body": "Hatchback",
      "seats": 5,
      "summary": "A small self-charging hybrid hatchback with a 1.5-litre petrol engine, a 100 kW electric motor and a 1.83 kWh battery.",
      "verdict": "ADAC measured 5.3 L/100 km against the official 4.4 L/100 km, about a fifth above the claim but still low for a small car with 195 PS. Euro NCAP gave it four stars, and ADAC's report notes that the driver's seat came loose from one anchorage in the frontal crash test.",
      "official": {
        "official_range": {
          "value": "Not a plug-in",
          "conditions": "Self-charging hybrid; no electric range figure",
          "cycle": null,
          "confidence": "Published reference",
          "source": "https://www.mgmotor.de/model/mg3-hev",
          "checked": "2026-10-18"
        },
        "battery": {
          "value": "1.83 kWh",
          "conditions": "Hybrid battery; full hybrid with 75 kW (102 PS) petrol engine and 100 kW (136 PS) electric motor, 143 kW (195 PS) system output, three-speed automatic. MG Germany.",
          "confidence": "Published reference",
          "source": "https://www.mgmotor.de/model/mg3-hev",
          "checked": "2026-10-18"
        },
        "rapid_charging": {
          "value": "No charging socket",
          "conditions": "Full hybrid (Vollhybrid) per MG Germany; no plug-in charging is listed.",
          "confidence": "Published reference",
          "source": "https://www.mgmotor.de/model/mg3-hev",
          "checked": "2026-10-18"
        },
        "efficiency": {
          "value": "4.4 L/100 km",
          "conditions": "WLTP combined, MG Germany, all MG3 Hybrid+ trims (Standard, Comfort, Luxury), 100 g/km CO2.",
          "confidence": "Market or version specific",
          "source": "https://www.mgmotor.de/model/mg3-hev",
          "checked": "2026-10-18"
        }
      },
      "evidence": {
        "tests": 2,
        "testers": 2,
        "claimsJudged": 1,
        "claimsHolding": 0,
        "winterRangePctOfOfficial": null,
        "safety": "4 stars, Euro NCAP 2025"
      },
      "lastChecked": "2026-10-18"
    },
    {
      "id": "mg/mg4",
      "name": "MG MG4 EV",
      "brand": "MG",
      "model": "MG4 EV",
      "url": "https://charjin.com/cars/mg/mg4",
      "markdown": "https://charjin.com/cars/mg/mg4.md",
      "powertrain": "Electric",
      "body": "Hatchback",
      "seats": 5,
      "summary": "A value-led electric hatchback with rear-wheel drive and several battery choices.",
      "verdict": "Strong fundamentals for the price. The ownership case depends on local software support, driver-assistance tuning, and warranty coverage.",
      "official": {
        "official_range": {
          "value": "Up to 545 km",
          "conditions": "WLTP, MG4 EV 77 kWh Premium, Europe; 452 km for the 64 kWh Premium and 405 km for the 64 kWh XPOWER (2026 update)",
          "cycle": "WLTP",
          "confidence": "Market or version specific",
          "source": "https://www.mgmotor.eu/model/mg4",
          "checked": "2026-10-19"
        },
        "battery": {
          "value": "64 or 77 kWh",
          "conditions": "64 kWh LFP (Premium) or NCM (XPOWER), 77 kWh NCM (Premium); the 49 kWh version is no longer listed",
          "confidence": "Market or version specific",
          "source": "https://www.mgmotor.eu/model/mg4",
          "checked": "2026-10-19"
        },
        "rapid_charging": {
          "value": "Up to 154 kW",
          "conditions": "10–80% in about 25 minutes claimed for the 64 kWh Premium on a 150 kW charger; MG lists 144 kW and 40 minutes for the 77 kWh Premium",
          "confidence": "Published reference",
          "source": "https://www.mgmotor.eu/model/mg4",
          "checked": "2026-10-19"
        },
        "efficiency": {
          "value": "From 16.1 kWh/100 km",
          "conditions": "WLTP combined, 77 kWh Premium; 17.6 for the 64 kWh Premium and 19.0 for the XPOWER",
          "confidence": "Market or version specific",
          "source": "https://www.mgmotor.eu/model/mg4",
          "checked": "2026-10-19"
        }
      },
      "evidence": {
        "tests": 5,
        "testers": 2,
        "claimsJudged": 1,
        "claimsHolding": 0,
        "winterRangePctOfOfficial": 88,
        "safety": "5 stars, Euro NCAP 2022"
      },
      "lastChecked": "2026-07-28"
    },
    {
      "id": "mitsubishi/outlander-phev",
      "name": "Mitsubishi Outlander PHEV",
      "brand": "Mitsubishi",
      "model": "Outlander PHEV",
      "url": "https://charjin.com/cars/mitsubishi/outlander-phev",
      "markdown": "https://charjin.com/cars/mitsubishi/outlander-phev.md",
      "powertrain": "Hybrid / PHEV",
      "body": "SUV",
      "seats": 7,
      "summary": "A large four-wheel-drive plug-in hybrid SUV with a 22.7 kWh battery and five or seven seats.",
      "verdict": "ADAC measured about 70 km of electric driving on country roads against an 83 km WLTP figure, which covers most daily trips. Once the battery is empty ADAC measured 9.3 L/100 km, and rapid charging uses the rarely found CHAdeMO plug.",
      "official": {
        "official_range": {
          "value": "Up to 85 km electric",
          "conditions": "WLTP, Germany; Mitsubishi UK quotes 53 miles all-electric range. US EPA figure for the 2026 model is 44–45 miles",
          "cycle": "WLTP",
          "confidence": "Market or version specific",
          "source": "https://www.mitsubishi-motors.de/modelle/outlander-plug-in-hybrid",
          "checked": "2026-10-18"
        },
        "battery": {
          "value": "22.7 kWh",
          "conditions": "Traction battery capacity, Europe",
          "confidence": "Published reference",
          "source": "https://www.mitsubishi-motors.de/modelle/outlander-plug-in-hybrid",
          "checked": "2026-10-18"
        },
        "rapid_charging": {
          "value": "CHAdeMO DC",
          "conditions": "About 32 minutes to 80% claimed via CHAdeMO; Mitsubishi does not state the peak kW. ADAC lists 40 kW as maker data",
          "confidence": "Market or version specific",
          "source": "https://www.mitsubishi-motors.de/modelle/outlander-plug-in-hybrid",
          "checked": "2026-10-18"
        },
        "efficiency": {
          "value": "2.7 L/100 km + 16 kWh/100 km",
          "conditions": "WLTP weighted combined, Diamant 4WD, Germany, 60 g/km CO2; range across versions 2.6–2.7 L and 16–19.1 kWh/100 km. Mitsubishi UK quotes 313 mpg weighted",
          "confidence": "Market or version specific",
          "source": "https://www.mitsubishi-motors.de/modelle/outlander-plug-in-hybrid",
          "checked": "2026-10-18"
        }
      },
      "evidence": {
        "tests": 3,
        "testers": 2,
        "claimsJudged": 1,
        "claimsHolding": 0,
        "winterRangePctOfOfficial": null,
        "safety": null
      },
      "lastChecked": "2026-10-18"
    },
    {
      "id": "nissan/leaf",
      "name": "Nissan Leaf",
      "brand": "Nissan",
      "model": "Leaf",
      "url": "https://charjin.com/cars/nissan/leaf",
      "markdown": "https://charjin.com/cars/nissan/leaf.md",
      "powertrain": "Electric",
      "body": "Crossover",
      "seats": 5,
      "summary": "The third-generation Nissan Leaf, a crossover sold from 2026 with a 52 kWh or 75 kWh battery and front-wheel drive.",
      "verdict": "Efficient and long-legged: ADAC measured 17.6 kWh/100 km and 465 km on the 75 kWh Evolve, and Edmunds beat the EPA range by about a fifth. Rapid charging is the weak spot, with ADAC recording a sharp power dip mid-charge and an average of only 88 kW from 10–80%.",
      "official": {
        "official_range": {
          "value": "451–623 km",
          "conditions": "WLTP, Nissan Germany: 451 km with the 52 kWh battery, up to 623 km with 75 kWh. Nissan Ireland quotes up to 622 km for the 75 kWh Engage, and ADAC lists 624 km. US EPA (fueleconomy.gov, 2026 75 kWh): 259–303 miles depending on wheels.",
          "cycle": "WLTP",
          "confidence": "Market or version specific",
          "source": "https://www.nissan.de/fahrzeuge/neuwagen/leaf.html",
          "checked": "2026-10-18"
        },
        "battery": {
          "value": "52 or 75 kWh",
          "conditions": "Nissan Germany and Ireland list 52 kWh and 75 kWh batteries; ADAC gives 75.1 kWh net for the larger one.",
          "confidence": "Market or version specific",
          "source": "https://www.nissan.de/fahrzeuge/neuwagen/leaf.html",
          "checked": "2026-10-18"
        },
        "rapid_charging": {
          "value": "Up to 150 kW",
          "conditions": "150 kW for the 75 kWh battery and 105 kW for the 52 kWh battery, Nissan Ireland, which claims 20–80% in as little as 30 minutes; Nissan does not quote a 10–80% time.",
          "confidence": "Market or version specific",
          "source": "https://www.nissan.ie/vehicles/new-vehicles/new-nissan-leaf.html",
          "checked": "2026-10-18"
        },
        "efficiency": {
          "value": "13.5–14.7 kWh/100 km",
          "conditions": "WLTP combined, Nissan Germany: 13.5 kWh/100 km for 52 kWh Engage, 13.8 (Engage) to 14.7 (Evolve) for 75 kWh versions.",
          "confidence": "Market or version specific",
          "source": "https://www.nissan.de/fahrzeuge/neuwagen/leaf.html",
          "checked": "2026-10-18"
        }
      },
      "evidence": {
        "tests": 3,
        "testers": 3,
        "claimsJudged": 2,
        "claimsHolding": 1,
        "winterRangePctOfOfficial": null,
        "safety": null
      },
      "lastChecked": "2026-10-18"
    },
    {
      "id": "peugeot/e-3008",
      "name": "Peugeot E-3008",
      "brand": "Peugeot",
      "model": "E-3008",
      "url": "https://charjin.com/cars/peugeot/e-3008",
      "markdown": "https://charjin.com/cars/peugeot/e-3008.md",
      "powertrain": "Electric",
      "body": "SUV",
      "seats": 5,
      "summary": "Peugeot's electric fastback SUV, with a 73 kWh battery and front- or four-wheel drive, or a 96.9 kWh Long Range battery.",
      "verdict": "NAF measured 448 km in summer and 364 km in winter from the 73 kWh E-3008 GT against 510 km WLTP, and ADAC's Ecotest gave 440 km. Rapid charging is slow for the class, with NAF and ADAC timing 40 to 47 minutes from 10 to 80 per cent.",
      "official": {
        "official_range": {
          "value": "Up to 435 miles",
          "conditions": "WLTP, UK: Electric 210 (73 kWh) up to 326 miles, Long Range Electric 230 (96.9 kWh) up to 435 miles, Dual Motor 325 (73 kWh) up to 306 miles (308 miles in the page's FAQ). Peugeot UK model page.",
          "cycle": "WLTP",
          "confidence": "Market or version specific",
          "source": "https://www.peugeot.co.uk/models/new-peugeot-3008/electric.html",
          "checked": "2026-10-18"
        },
        "battery": {
          "value": "73 or 96.9 kWh",
          "conditions": "Peugeot UK quotes 73 kWh for the Electric 210 and Dual Motor and 96.9 kWh for the Long Range, without saying whether these are gross or usable.",
          "confidence": "Market or version specific",
          "source": "https://www.peugeot.co.uk/models/new-peugeot-3008/electric.html",
          "checked": "2026-10-18"
        },
        "rapid_charging": {
          "value": "20–80% in 27–30 min claimed",
          "conditions": "Peugeot UK: 30 minutes from 20 to 80% for 73 kWh versions and 27 minutes for the Long Range; no peak power or 10–80% time is given. ADAC lists 160 kW peak for the Electric 210.",
          "confidence": "Market or version specific",
          "source": "https://www.peugeot.co.uk/models/new-peugeot-3008/electric.html",
          "checked": "2026-10-18"
        },
        "efficiency": {
          "value": "From 16.8 kWh/100 km",
          "conditions": "WLTP: 16.8–17.3 (Electric 210), 17.1–18.1 (Long Range 230), 17.4–17.9 (Dual Motor 325) kWh/100 km. Peugeot UK.",
          "confidence": "Market or version specific",
          "source": "https://www.peugeot.co.uk/models/new-peugeot-3008/electric.html",
          "checked": "2026-10-18"
        }
      },
      "evidence": {
        "tests": 7,
        "testers": 3,
        "claimsJudged": 2,
        "claimsHolding": 0,
        "winterRangePctOfOfficial": 71,
        "safety": "4 stars, Euro NCAP 2025"
      },
      "lastChecked": "2026-10-18"
    },
    {
      "id": "polestar/2",
      "name": "Polestar 2",
      "brand": "Polestar",
      "model": "2",
      "url": "https://charjin.com/cars/polestar/2",
      "markdown": "https://charjin.com/cars/polestar/2.md",
      "powertrain": "Electric",
      "body": "Liftback",
      "seats": null,
      "summary": "A five-door electric fastback with an 82 kWh battery, offered with rear-wheel drive or dual motors, and a long WLTP range for its size.",
      "verdict": "The single-motor Long Range car pairs a 659 km WLTP claim with a measured ADAC Ecotest range of about 530 km and a five-star Euro NCAP rating. Rapid charging is adequate rather than quick, with NAF measuring 32 minutes for 10–80% in winter against a 28-minute claim.",
      "official": {
        "official_range": {
          "value": "568–659 km",
          "conditions": "WLTP, Germany: 659 km Long Range Single Motor, 596 km Long Range Dual Motor, up to 568 km Dual Motor with Performance pack",
          "cycle": "WLTP",
          "confidence": "Market or version specific",
          "source": "https://www.polestar.com/de/polestar-2/specifications/",
          "checked": "2026-10-18"
        },
        "battery": {
          "value": "82 kWh",
          "conditions": "Long Range versions, Germany; the UK site also lists a 70 kWh Standard range Single motor",
          "confidence": "Market or version specific",
          "source": "https://www.polestar.com/de/polestar-2/specifications/",
          "checked": "2026-10-18"
        },
        "rapid_charging": {
          "value": "Up to 205 kW",
          "conditions": "10–80% in 28 minutes claimed, 82 kWh Long Range versions, Germany",
          "confidence": "Published reference",
          "source": "https://www.polestar.com/de/polestar-2/specifications/",
          "checked": "2026-10-18"
        },
        "efficiency": {
          "value": "From 14.8 kWh/100 km",
          "conditions": "WLTP, Long Range Single Motor 14.8–15.8 kWh/100 km; Dual Motor 15.8–17.2 kWh/100 km, Germany",
          "confidence": "Market or version specific",
          "source": "https://www.polestar.com/de/polestar-2/specifications/",
          "checked": "2026-10-18"
        }
      },
      "evidence": {
        "tests": 4,
        "testers": 4,
        "claimsJudged": 1,
        "claimsHolding": 0,
        "winterRangePctOfOfficial": 88,
        "safety": "5 stars, Euro NCAP 2021"
      },
      "lastChecked": "2026-10-18"
    },
    {
      "id": "polestar/4",
      "name": "Polestar 4",
      "brand": "Polestar",
      "model": "4",
      "url": "https://charjin.com/cars/polestar/4",
      "markdown": "https://charjin.com/cars/polestar/4.md",
      "powertrain": "Electric",
      "body": "Crossover",
      "seats": 5,
      "summary": "A large electric SUV-coupé with a 100 kWh battery and no rear window. A camera-fed mirror replaces it.",
      "verdict": "Independent tests found real range of 535 to 627 km and 10–80% charging in close to the claimed 30 minutes, which makes it a credible long-distance car. Check that you are comfortable with the camera-only rear view, and know that official figures changed between model years.",
      "official": {
        "official_range": {
          "value": "590–620 km",
          "conditions": "WLTP, Germany: 620 km Rear motor, 590 km Dual motor. Earlier cars were quoted at 610 and 580 km",
          "cycle": "WLTP",
          "confidence": "Market or version specific",
          "source": "https://www.polestar.com/de/polestar-4/specifications/",
          "checked": "2026-10-18"
        },
        "battery": {
          "value": "100 kWh",
          "conditions": "Capacity as stated by Polestar (cell-to-pack, 110 cells), all versions. ADAC lists 94 kWh usable",
          "confidence": "Published reference",
          "source": "https://www.polestar.com/de/polestar-4/specifications/",
          "checked": "2026-10-18"
        },
        "rapid_charging": {
          "value": "Up to 200 kW",
          "conditions": "10–80% in about 30 minutes claimed, Rear motor and Dual motor",
          "confidence": "Published reference",
          "source": "https://www.polestar.com/de/polestar-4/specifications/",
          "checked": "2026-10-18"
        },
        "efficiency": {
          "value": "From 17.8 kWh/100 km",
          "conditions": "WLTP, Germany: 17.8–18.4 kWh/100 km Rear motor, 19.0–21.7 kWh/100 km Dual motor",
          "confidence": "Market or version specific",
          "source": "https://www.polestar.com/de/polestar-4/specifications/",
          "checked": "2026-10-18"
        }
      },
      "evidence": {
        "tests": 6,
        "testers": 4,
        "claimsJudged": 3,
        "claimsHolding": 1,
        "winterRangePctOfOfficial": null,
        "safety": "5 stars, Euro NCAP 2025"
      },
      "lastChecked": "2026-10-18"
    },
    {
      "id": "renault/5-e-tech",
      "name": "Renault 5 E-Tech",
      "brand": "Renault",
      "model": "5 E-Tech",
      "url": "https://charjin.com/cars/renault/5-e-tech",
      "markdown": "https://charjin.com/cars/renault/5-e-tech.md",
      "powertrain": "Electric",
      "body": "Hatchback",
      "seats": 5,
      "summary": "Renault's retro-styled electric supermini, with a 36.5, 40 or 52 kWh battery and front-wheel drive.",
      "verdict": "ADAC measured 17.3 kWh/100 km and a 345 km Ecotest range for the 52 kWh car, and What Car? calculated 166 miles in winter against an official 253 miles. Rapid charging matched Renault's 30-minute claim in ADAC's summer test, but official ranges rose with the August 2026 update, so earlier test cars are not identical to new ones.",
      "official": {
        "official_range": {
          "value": "Up to 430 km",
          "conditions": "WLTP, Europe: 52 kWh Comfort Range up to 430 km (previously 410 km), 40 kWh Urban Range up to 315 km, new 36.5 kWh Five up to 305 km. Renault media release, 25 August 2026. Renault UK quotes up to 259 miles (52 kWh, pending homologation) and 194 miles (40 kWh).",
          "cycle": "WLTP",
          "confidence": "Market or version specific",
          "source": "https://media.renault.com/the-renault-5-e-tech-electric-range-gains-fresh-appeal-with-greater-efficiency-range-and-versatility-right-from-entry-level-along-with-new-colours-and-features/?lang=eng",
          "checked": "2026-10-18"
        },
        "battery": {
          "value": "36.5, 40 or 52 kWh",
          "conditions": "40 kWh Urban Range (90 kW motor) and 52 kWh Comfort Range (110 kW); the entry Five trim moves to a 36.5 kWh LFP battery with an 80 kW motor. Renault does not say here whether these are gross or usable figures.",
          "confidence": "Market or version specific",
          "source": "https://media.renault.com/the-renault-5-e-tech-electric-range-gains-fresh-appeal-with-greater-efficiency-range-and-versatility-right-from-entry-level-along-with-new-colours-and-features/?lang=eng",
          "checked": "2026-10-18"
        },
        "rapid_charging": {
          "value": "Up to 100 kW",
          "conditions": "Renault UK: 15–80% in 30 minutes with the standard 100 kW DC charger. The new 36.5 kWh Five has an 80 kW DC charger (Renault media, August 2026).",
          "confidence": "Market or version specific",
          "source": "https://www.renault.co.uk/electric-vehicles/r5-e-tech-electric.html",
          "checked": "2026-10-18"
        },
        "efficiency": {
          "value": "14.4 kWh/100 km",
          "conditions": "WLTP combined for the 150 Comfort Range (52 kWh) Techno as listed by ADAC from manufacturer data; the Renault pages read for this entry give no consumption figure, and the August 2026 update may have changed it.",
          "confidence": "Local check needed",
          "source": "https://www.adac.de/rund-ums-fahrzeug/autokatalog/marken-modelle/renault/renault-r5/",
          "checked": "2026-10-18"
        }
      },
      "evidence": {
        "tests": 5,
        "testers": 3,
        "claimsJudged": 2,
        "claimsHolding": 0,
        "winterRangePctOfOfficial": 66,
        "safety": "4 stars, Euro NCAP 2024"
      },
      "lastChecked": "2026-10-18"
    },
    {
      "id": "renault/scenic-e-tech",
      "name": "Renault Scenic E-Tech",
      "brand": "Renault",
      "model": "Scenic E-Tech",
      "url": "https://charjin.com/cars/renault/scenic-e-tech",
      "markdown": "https://charjin.com/cars/renault/scenic-e-tech.md",
      "powertrain": "Electric",
      "body": "Crossover",
      "seats": 5,
      "summary": "Renault's electric family crossover, updated for 2026 with an 89 kWh battery and, later, a 67 kWh LFP option.",
      "verdict": "NAF's summer 2024 test covered 563 km against 622 km WLTP, while ADAC's Ecotest gave about 490 km at 20.6 kWh/100 km for the earlier 87 kWh car. The 2026 update brings an 89 kWh battery and faster charging claims that have not yet been independently tested.",
      "official": {
        "official_range": {
          "value": "Up to 642 km",
          "conditions": "WLTP: 89 kWh NMC battery up to 642 km; 67 kWh LFP battery up to 467 km, available later. Renault media release, 1 September 2026, France/Europe.",
          "cycle": "WLTP",
          "confidence": "Market or version specific",
          "source": "https://media.renault.com/scenic-e-tech-electric-upgraded-for-improved-comfort-connectivity-and-electric-performance/?lang=eng",
          "checked": "2026-10-18"
        },
        "battery": {
          "value": "67 or 89 kWh",
          "conditions": "89 kWh NMC long range and 67 kWh LFP comfort range batteries from the 2026 update, both with the 220 hp motor; cars built before the update had 60 or 87 kWh batteries (ADAC). Renault does not say whether the new figures are gross or usable.",
          "confidence": "Market or version specific",
          "source": "https://media.renault.com/scenic-e-tech-electric-upgraded-for-improved-comfort-connectivity-and-electric-performance/?lang=eng",
          "checked": "2026-10-18"
        },
        "rapid_charging": {
          "value": "Up to 165 kW",
          "conditions": "89 kWh: 150 kW peak, 15–80% in 28 minutes; 67 kWh LFP: 165 kW peak, 15–80% in 24 minutes. Renault media, September 2026.",
          "confidence": "Market or version specific",
          "source": "https://media.renault.com/scenic-e-tech-electric-upgraded-for-improved-comfort-connectivity-and-electric-performance/?lang=eng",
          "checked": "2026-10-18"
        },
        "efficiency": {
          "value": "17.6 kWh/100 km",
          "conditions": "WLTP combined for the earlier 220 Long Range (87 kWh) Iconic as listed by ADAC from manufacturer data; Renault's 2026 release gives no consumption for the updated car.",
          "confidence": "Local check needed",
          "source": "https://www.adac.de/rund-ums-fahrzeug/autokatalog/marken-modelle/renault/renault-scenic-electric/",
          "checked": "2026-10-18"
        }
      },
      "evidence": {
        "tests": 3,
        "testers": 3,
        "claimsJudged": 2,
        "claimsHolding": 0,
        "winterRangePctOfOfficial": null,
        "safety": "5 stars, Euro NCAP 2024"
      },
      "lastChecked": "2026-10-18"
    },
    {
      "id": "rivian/r1s",
      "name": "Rivian R1S",
      "brand": "Rivian",
      "model": "R1S",
      "url": "https://charjin.com/cars/rivian/r1s",
      "markdown": "https://charjin.com/cars/rivian/r1s.md",
      "powertrain": "Electric",
      "body": "SUV",
      "seats": 7,
      "summary": "Rivian's large seven-seat electric SUV, sold in the US with two, three or four motors and several battery sizes.",
      "verdict": "On Edmunds' mixed route the 2025 R1S came within 3–6% of its EPA ranges, but Car and Driver's 75 mph test gave a Tri-Motor Max only 250 miles, and no version uses less than 39 kWh/100 mi on the EPA cycle. It suits buyers who need seven seats, towing and off-road ability more than efficiency, and the recall list is long.",
      "official": {
        "official_range": {
          "value": "258–410 miles",
          "conditions": "EPA, 2026 US models on fueleconomy.gov: 258 miles for the Dual Standard on 20-inch wheels up to 410 miles for the Dual Max on 22-inch wheels. Rivian's 2027 site lists 329 miles (Premium), 410 miles (Premium Long Range), 371 miles (Performance Tri-Motor) and 374 miles (Quad).",
          "cycle": "EPA",
          "confidence": "Market or version specific",
          "source": "https://www.fueleconomy.gov/feg/noframes/49719.shtml",
          "checked": "2026-10-18"
        },
        "battery": {
          "value": "Not published",
          "conditions": "Rivian's R1S page names battery packs (Standard, Long Range, Max) by range but gives no capacity.",
          "confidence": "Local check needed",
          "source": "https://rivian.com/r1s",
          "checked": "2026-10-18"
        },
        "rapid_charging": {
          "value": "Not published",
          "conditions": "Rivian's R1S page gives no DC charging rate or time. Car and Driver reports that Rivian has not quoted charge rates for 2026 models, that earlier versions peaked at 210 kW, and that 2026 cars switch to a NACS port.",
          "confidence": "Local check needed",
          "source": "https://rivian.com/r1s",
          "checked": "2026-10-18"
        },
        "efficiency": {
          "value": "From 39 kWh/100 mi",
          "conditions": "EPA combined, 2026 and 2027 US models: 39–40 kWh/100 mi for dual-motor versions on 22-inch wheels, rising to 50 kWh/100 mi for the Quad on 20-inch all-terrain tyres.",
          "confidence": "Market or version specific",
          "source": "https://www.fueleconomy.gov/feg/noframes/49719.shtml",
          "checked": "2026-10-18"
        }
      },
      "evidence": {
        "tests": 5,
        "testers": 3,
        "claimsJudged": 3,
        "claimsHolding": 2,
        "winterRangePctOfOfficial": null,
        "safety": null
      },
      "lastChecked": "2026-10-18"
    },
    {
      "id": "skoda/elroq",
      "name": "Škoda Elroq",
      "brand": "Škoda",
      "model": "Elroq",
      "url": "https://charjin.com/cars/skoda/elroq",
      "markdown": "https://charjin.com/cars/skoda/elroq.md",
      "powertrain": "Electric",
      "body": "SUV",
      "seats": 5,
      "summary": "Škoda's compact electric SUV, now listed with a 58 or 77 kWh battery, rear- or four-wheel drive and a sporty RS version.",
      "verdict": "In NAF's summer test an Elroq 60 almost matched its WLTP range (422 against 424 km), but the four-wheel-drive RS managed 309 km against 524 km in a very cold winter test. ADAC measured 18.2 kWh/100 km and a 475 km Ecotest range for the Elroq 85, and NAF's charging times were within two minutes of Škoda's claims.",
      "official": {
        "official_range": {
          "value": "408–577 km",
          "conditions": "WLTP: Elroq 60 408–453 km, Elroq 85 and 85x 524–577 km, Elroq RS 516–554 km. Škoda technical data sheet dated 23 April 2026, international.",
          "cycle": "WLTP",
          "confidence": "Market or version specific",
          "source": "https://cdn.skoda-storyboard.com/2024/10/TD-Elroq-en_new_b15eac3a.pdf",
          "checked": "2026-10-18"
        },
        "battery": {
          "value": "58 or 77 kWh usable",
          "conditions": "Net (gross): 58 (61) kWh LFP in the Elroq 60; 77 (82) kWh NMC in the 85, 85x and RS. The April 2026 sheet no longer lists the Elroq 50 sold earlier.",
          "confidence": "Market or version specific",
          "source": "https://cdn.skoda-storyboard.com/2024/10/TD-Elroq-en_new_b15eac3a.pdf",
          "checked": "2026-10-18"
        },
        "rapid_charging": {
          "value": "Up to 175 kW",
          "conditions": "Škoda's model page claims up to 175 kW and 10–80% in 28 minutes for the Elroq 85, and 25 minutes at most for lower versions; its April 2026 data sheet instead lists 105 kW/26 min (Elroq 60) and 165 kW/29 min for the 77 kWh versions.",
          "confidence": "Local check needed",
          "source": "https://www.skoda-storyboard.com/en/skoda-model/elroq/",
          "checked": "2026-10-18"
        },
        "efficiency": {
          "value": "From 15.1 kWh/100 km",
          "conditions": "WLTP combined: 15.1–16.8 (Elroq 60), 15.3–17.1 (85), 15.5–17.2 (85x), 16.2–17.5 (RS) kWh/100 km. Škoda data sheet, April 2026.",
          "confidence": "Market or version specific",
          "source": "https://cdn.skoda-storyboard.com/2024/10/TD-Elroq-en_new_b15eac3a.pdf",
          "checked": "2026-10-18"
        }
      },
      "evidence": {
        "tests": 6,
        "testers": 3,
        "claimsJudged": 3,
        "claimsHolding": 1,
        "winterRangePctOfOfficial": 82,
        "safety": "5 stars, Euro NCAP 2025"
      },
      "lastChecked": "2026-10-18"
    },
    {
      "id": "skoda/enyaq",
      "name": "Škoda Enyaq",
      "brand": "Škoda",
      "model": "Enyaq",
      "url": "https://charjin.com/cars/skoda/enyaq",
      "markdown": "https://charjin.com/cars/skoda/enyaq.md",
      "powertrain": "Electric",
      "body": "SUV",
      "seats": 5,
      "summary": "Škoda's mid-size electric SUV, facelifted for 2025, with a 58 or 77 kWh battery and rear- or four-wheel drive; also sold as the Enyaq Coupé.",
      "verdict": "ADAC measured 18.9 kWh/100 km and a 465 km Ecotest range for the facelifted Enyaq 85x, about 14 per cent below its WLTP figure. NAF's range and charging tests are of the earlier Enyaq iV, so there is little independent cold-weather data for the current car.",
      "official": {
        "official_range": {
          "value": "428–584 km",
          "conditions": "WLTP: Enyaq 60 428–456 km, Enyaq 85 and 85x 547–584 km, Enyaq RS 513–565 km. Škoda technical data sheet dated 23 April 2026, international.",
          "cycle": "WLTP",
          "confidence": "Market or version specific",
          "source": "https://cdn.skoda-storyboard.com/2025/06/TD-Enyaq-en_new_db50ac09.pdf",
          "checked": "2026-10-18"
        },
        "battery": {
          "value": "58 or 77 kWh usable",
          "conditions": "Net (gross): 58 (61) kWh LFP in the Enyaq 60; 77 (82) kWh NMC in the 85, 85x and RS. Škoda data sheet, April 2026.",
          "confidence": "Market or version specific",
          "source": "https://cdn.skoda-storyboard.com/2025/06/TD-Enyaq-en_new_db50ac09.pdf",
          "checked": "2026-10-18"
        },
        "rapid_charging": {
          "value": "Up to 175 kW",
          "conditions": "Škoda's model page claims up to 175 kW and 10–80% in 28 minutes or less (26–29 minutes across versions); its April 2026 data sheet lists 105 kW/26 min for the Enyaq 60 and 165 kW/29 min for the 77 kWh versions.",
          "confidence": "Local check needed",
          "source": "https://www.skoda-storyboard.com/en/skoda-model/enyaq-iv-2/",
          "checked": "2026-10-18"
        },
        "efficiency": {
          "value": "From 15.0 kWh/100 km",
          "conditions": "WLTP combined: 15.0–16.0 (Enyaq 60), 15.3–16.5 (85x), 15.9–17.6 (RS) kWh/100 km; the sheet's figure for the Enyaq 85 is misprinted, so it is not quoted here.",
          "confidence": "Market or version specific",
          "source": "https://cdn.skoda-storyboard.com/2025/06/TD-Enyaq-en_new_db50ac09.pdf",
          "checked": "2026-10-18"
        }
      },
      "evidence": {
        "tests": 5,
        "testers": 3,
        "claimsJudged": 2,
        "claimsHolding": 0,
        "winterRangePctOfOfficial": 94,
        "safety": "5 stars, Euro NCAP 2025"
      },
      "lastChecked": "2026-10-18"
    },
    {
      "id": "tesla/model-3",
      "name": "Tesla Model 3",
      "brand": "Tesla",
      "model": "Model 3",
      "url": "https://charjin.com/cars/tesla/model-3",
      "markdown": "https://charjin.com/cars/tesla/model-3.md",
      "powertrain": "Electric",
      "body": "Sedan",
      "seats": 5,
      "summary": "An efficient electric sedan with strong range, mature software, and broad fast-charging access.",
      "verdict": "Still one of the clearest long-distance EV choices. Check controls, insurance, and the exact regional specification before buying.",
      "official": {
        "official_range": {
          "value": "Up to 750 km",
          "conditions": "WLTP, version dependent",
          "cycle": "WLTP",
          "confidence": "Market or version specific",
          "source": "https://www.tesla.com/model3",
          "checked": "2026-07-28"
        },
        "battery": {
          "value": "Not officially disclosed",
          "conditions": "Capacity and availability can change by version",
          "confidence": "Local check needed",
          "source": "https://www.tesla.com/model3",
          "checked": "2026-07-28"
        },
        "rapid_charging": {
          "value": "Up to 250 kW",
          "conditions": "About 15 minutes for up to 282 km claimed",
          "confidence": "Published reference",
          "source": "https://www.tesla.com/model3",
          "checked": "2026-07-28"
        },
        "efficiency": {
          "value": "From 12.2 kWh/100 km",
          "conditions": "WLTP combined, Model 3 RWD standard version (572 km), Germany; the Premium Long Range RWD is 13.6 kWh/100 km. tesla.com/model3 shows a page for the visitor's own market",
          "confidence": "Market or version specific",
          "source": "https://www.tesla.com/de_de/model3",
          "checked": "2026-10-19"
        }
      },
      "evidence": {
        "tests": 12,
        "testers": 5,
        "claimsJudged": 6,
        "claimsHolding": 3,
        "winterRangePctOfOfficial": 73,
        "safety": "5 stars, Euro NCAP 2025"
      },
      "lastChecked": "2026-07-28"
    },
    {
      "id": "tesla/model-y",
      "name": "Tesla Model Y",
      "brand": "Tesla",
      "model": "Model Y",
      "url": "https://charjin.com/cars/tesla/model-y",
      "markdown": "https://charjin.com/cars/tesla/model-y.md",
      "powertrain": "Electric",
      "body": "Crossover",
      "seats": 5,
      "summary": "The global reference point for electric family crossovers, with a large charging network and unusually efficient packaging.",
      "verdict": "A highly efficient all-rounder. Its strongest case is ease of long-distance charging, while ride, controls, pricing, and equipment vary by market.",
      "official": {
        "official_range": {
          "value": "Up to 622 km",
          "conditions": "WLTP, version dependent",
          "cycle": "WLTP",
          "confidence": "Market or version specific",
          "source": "https://www.tesla.com/modely",
          "checked": "2026-07-28"
        },
        "battery": {
          "value": "Not officially disclosed",
          "conditions": "Capacity and availability can change by version",
          "confidence": "Local check needed",
          "source": "https://www.tesla.com/modely",
          "checked": "2026-07-28"
        },
        "rapid_charging": {
          "value": "Up to 250 kW",
          "conditions": "Manufacturer claims vary by version",
          "confidence": "Market or version specific",
          "source": "https://www.tesla.com/modely",
          "checked": "2026-07-28"
        },
        "efficiency": {
          "value": "From 14.0 kWh/100 km",
          "conditions": "WLTP combined, Model Y Standard RWD and Premium Long Range RWD, Germany; tesla.com/modely shows a page for the visitor's own market",
          "confidence": "Market or version specific",
          "source": "https://www.tesla.com/de_de/modely",
          "checked": "2026-10-19"
        }
      },
      "evidence": {
        "tests": 9,
        "testers": 5,
        "claimsJudged": 4,
        "claimsHolding": 3,
        "winterRangePctOfOfficial": 57,
        "safety": "5 stars, Euro NCAP 2025"
      },
      "lastChecked": "2026-07-28"
    },
    {
      "id": "toyota/bz4x",
      "name": "Toyota bZ4X",
      "brand": "Toyota",
      "model": "bZ4X",
      "url": "https://charjin.com/cars/toyota/bz4x",
      "markdown": "https://charjin.com/cars/toyota/bz4x.md",
      "powertrain": "Electric",
      "body": "SUV",
      "seats": 5,
      "summary": "Toyota's electric mid-size SUV, updated for 2026 with 57.7 kWh or 73.1 kWh batteries, front- or all-wheel drive and battery preconditioning for faster charging.",
      "verdict": "The 2026 update addressed the old car's weak points: NAF's summer 2026 test matched both the 506 km WLTP figure and the 30-minute charging claim, and Edmunds beat the EPA range for the US version. Winter results for the earlier car were poor, at 314 km against 460 km in NAF's 2024 test, and the updated car has not yet had a winter test.",
      "official": {
        "official_range": {
          "value": "444–569 km",
          "conditions": "WLTP on 18-inch wheels, Toyota Germany: 444 km for the 57.7 kWh FWD, 569 km for the 73.1 kWh FWD; the bZ4X Touring reaches 591 km. US EPA (fueleconomy.gov, 2026 bZ): 236–314 miles.",
          "cycle": "WLTP",
          "confidence": "Market or version specific",
          "source": "https://www.toyota.de/neuwagen/bz4x",
          "checked": "2026-10-18"
        },
        "battery": {
          "value": "57.7 or 73.1 kWh",
          "conditions": "Gross capacity, Toyota Germany; 54 and 69 kWh net. The bZ4X Touring has 74.7 kWh.",
          "confidence": "Market or version specific",
          "source": "https://www.toyota.de/neuwagen/bz4x",
          "checked": "2026-10-18"
        },
        "rapid_charging": {
          "value": "Up to 150 kW",
          "conditions": "10–80% in about 28 minutes at 25 °C on a 150 kW charger, Toyota Germany; another footnote on the same page says about 30 minutes.",
          "confidence": "Market or version specific",
          "source": "https://www.toyota.de/neuwagen/bz4x",
          "checked": "2026-10-18"
        },
        "efficiency": {
          "value": "13.9–15.9 kWh/100 km",
          "conditions": "WLTP combined, Toyota Germany; 13.9 kWh/100 km for both the 58 kWh Comfort and 73 kWh Teamplayer FWD.",
          "confidence": "Market or version specific",
          "source": "https://www.toyota.de/neuwagen/bz4x",
          "checked": "2026-10-18"
        }
      },
      "evidence": {
        "tests": 6,
        "testers": 4,
        "claimsJudged": 3,
        "claimsHolding": 3,
        "winterRangePctOfOfficial": 68,
        "safety": "5 stars, Euro NCAP 2025"
      },
      "lastChecked": "2026-10-18"
    },
    {
      "id": "toyota/corolla-cross-hybrid",
      "name": "Toyota Corolla Cross Hybrid",
      "brand": "Toyota",
      "model": "Corolla Cross Hybrid",
      "url": "https://charjin.com/cars/toyota/corolla-cross-hybrid",
      "markdown": "https://charjin.com/cars/toyota/corolla-cross-hybrid.md",
      "powertrain": "Hybrid / PHEV",
      "body": "SUV",
      "seats": 5,
      "summary": "A compact self-charging hybrid SUV sold with 140 hp and 180–200 hp hybrid systems, depending on market.",
      "verdict": "It suits drivers who want low fuel use without plugging in, and it holds five-star ratings from both Euro NCAP (2022) and NHTSA (2025 AWD). The US version has had six recall campaigns across model years 2023–2026, so check that any open recalls have been done.",
      "official": {
        "official_range": {
          "value": "Not a plug-in",
          "conditions": "Self-charging hybrid; no electric range figure",
          "cycle": null,
          "confidence": "Published reference",
          "source": "https://www.toyota.ie/new-cars/corolla-cross",
          "checked": "2026-10-18"
        },
        "battery": {
          "value": "Not published",
          "conditions": "Small hybrid battery; Toyota Ireland's model page does not state its capacity",
          "confidence": "Local check needed",
          "source": "https://www.toyota.ie/new-cars/corolla-cross",
          "checked": "2026-10-18"
        },
        "rapid_charging": {
          "value": "No charging socket",
          "conditions": "Self-charging hybrid; the battery is charged by the engine and braking",
          "confidence": "Published reference",
          "source": "https://www.toyota.ie/new-cars/corolla-cross",
          "checked": "2026-10-18"
        },
        "efficiency": {
          "value": "4.9–5.0 L/100 km",
          "conditions": "WLTP combined, Hybrid 140 (103 kW), Ireland, 112–114 g/km CO2; Hybrid 200 (132 kW) is 5.2 L/100 km. US EPA rating for 2025 AWD hybrid is 42 mpg combined",
          "confidence": "Market or version specific",
          "source": "https://www.toyota.ie/new-cars/corolla-cross",
          "checked": "2026-10-18"
        }
      },
      "evidence": {
        "tests": 3,
        "testers": 2,
        "claimsJudged": 0,
        "claimsHolding": 0,
        "winterRangePctOfOfficial": null,
        "safety": "5 stars, Euro NCAP 2022"
      },
      "lastChecked": "2026-10-18"
    },
    {
      "id": "toyota/prius",
      "name": "Toyota Prius",
      "brand": "Toyota",
      "model": "Prius",
      "url": "https://charjin.com/cars/toyota/prius",
      "markdown": "https://charjin.com/cars/toyota/prius.md",
      "powertrain": "Hybrid / PHEV",
      "body": "Liftback",
      "seats": null,
      "summary": "The best-known hybrid nameplate, now offered with conventional and plug-in hybrid powertrains in selected markets.",
      "verdict": "An efficiency-first choice with proven hybrid logic. The lower roof and market-limited availability matter more than the headline economy figure.",
      "official": {
        "official_range": {
          "value": "Up to 86 km electric",
          "conditions": "WLTP, PHEV version",
          "cycle": "WLTP",
          "confidence": "Market or version specific",
          "source": "https://global.toyota/en/mobility/toyota-brand/gallery/prius.html",
          "checked": "2026-07-28"
        },
        "battery": {
          "value": "Up to 13.6 kWh",
          "conditions": "Capacity and availability can change by version",
          "confidence": "Market or version specific",
          "source": "https://global.toyota/en/mobility/toyota-brand/gallery/prius.html",
          "checked": "2026-07-28"
        },
        "rapid_charging": {
          "value": "Not generally supported",
          "conditions": "AC charging for PHEV versions",
          "confidence": "Market or version specific",
          "source": "https://global.toyota/en/mobility/toyota-brand/gallery/prius.html",
          "checked": "2026-07-28"
        },
        "efficiency": {
          "value": "Testing standard dependent",
          "conditions": "Official figure; testing standard can differ by market",
          "confidence": "Local check needed",
          "source": "https://global.toyota/en/mobility/toyota-brand/gallery/prius.html",
          "checked": "2026-07-28"
        }
      },
      "evidence": {
        "tests": 4,
        "testers": 2,
        "claimsJudged": 1,
        "claimsHolding": 0,
        "winterRangePctOfOfficial": null,
        "safety": "5 stars, NHTSA 2026"
      },
      "lastChecked": "2026-07-28"
    },
    {
      "id": "toyota/rav4-hybrid",
      "name": "Toyota RAV4 Hybrid",
      "brand": "Toyota",
      "model": "RAV4 Hybrid",
      "url": "https://charjin.com/cars/toyota/rav4-hybrid",
      "markdown": "https://charjin.com/cars/toyota/rav4-hybrid.md",
      "powertrain": "Hybrid / PHEV",
      "body": "SUV",
      "seats": 5,
      "summary": "A globally familiar family SUV offered as a conventional hybrid and, in many markets, a plug-in hybrid.",
      "verdict": "The conventional hybrid suits drivers who cannot charge. The plug-in version makes sense when most daily trips fit inside its electric range.",
      "official": {
        "official_range": {
          "value": "Market dependent",
          "conditions": "Electric range applies to PHEV only",
          "cycle": null,
          "confidence": "Local check needed",
          "source": "https://global.toyota/en/mobility/toyota-brand/gallery/rav4.html",
          "checked": "2026-07-28"
        },
        "battery": {
          "value": "Varies by powertrain",
          "conditions": "Capacity and availability can change by version",
          "confidence": "Local check needed",
          "source": "https://global.toyota/en/mobility/toyota-brand/gallery/rav4.html",
          "checked": "2026-07-28"
        },
        "rapid_charging": {
          "value": "Not generally supported",
          "conditions": "AC charging for PHEV versions",
          "confidence": "Market or version specific",
          "source": "https://global.toyota/en/mobility/toyota-brand/gallery/rav4.html",
          "checked": "2026-07-28"
        },
        "efficiency": {
          "value": "Testing standard dependent",
          "conditions": "Official figure; testing standard can differ by market",
          "confidence": "Local check needed",
          "source": "https://global.toyota/en/mobility/toyota-brand/gallery/rav4.html",
          "checked": "2026-07-28"
        }
      },
      "evidence": {
        "tests": 4,
        "testers": 3,
        "claimsJudged": 2,
        "claimsHolding": 0,
        "winterRangePctOfOfficial": null,
        "safety": "5 stars, Euro NCAP 2019"
      },
      "lastChecked": "2026-07-28"
    },
    {
      "id": "volkswagen/id-3",
      "name": "Volkswagen ID.3",
      "brand": "Volkswagen",
      "model": "ID.3",
      "url": "https://charjin.com/cars/volkswagen/id-3",
      "markdown": "https://charjin.com/cars/volkswagen/id-3.md",
      "powertrain": "Electric",
      "body": "Hatchback",
      "seats": 5,
      "summary": "Volkswagen's electric compact hatchback, updated in 2026 as the ID.3 Neo with a 50, 58 or 79 kWh battery.",
      "verdict": "ADAC's Ecotest of the 2023–2026 ID.3 measured 16.3 to 19.2 kWh/100 km and 450 to 530 km of range, roughly 12 to 20 per cent below the official figures. The 2026 ID.3 Neo has new motors and higher official ranges but no independent test was found yet, so treat the older results as a guide only.",
      "official": {
        "official_range": {
          "value": "Up to 630 km",
          "conditions": "WLTP, ID.3 Neo with the 79 kWh battery in its most range-favourable equipment; VW newsroom world premiere release, Europe, April 2026. The release does not give ranges for the 50 and 58 kWh versions.",
          "cycle": "WLTP",
          "confidence": "Market or version specific",
          "source": "https://www.volkswagen-newsroom.com/en/press-releases/world-premiere-of-the-id3-neo-new-name-new-design-new-interior-and-new-technologies-20320",
          "checked": "2026-10-18"
        },
        "battery": {
          "value": "50, 58 or 79 kWh usable",
          "conditions": "Net capacities: 50 kWh with the 125 kW motor (standard on Trend), 58 kWh with 140 kW and 79 kWh with 170 kW (options on Life and Style). VW newsroom, Europe.",
          "confidence": "Market or version specific",
          "source": "https://www.volkswagen-newsroom.com/en/press-releases/world-premiere-of-the-id3-neo-new-name-new-design-new-interior-and-new-technologies-20320",
          "checked": "2026-10-18"
        },
        "rapid_charging": {
          "value": "Up to 183 kW",
          "conditions": "79 kWh version up to 183 kW; 50 and 58 kWh versions up to 105 kW. VW gives no 10–80% time in this release.",
          "confidence": "Market or version specific",
          "source": "https://www.volkswagen-newsroom.com/en/press-releases/world-premiere-of-the-id3-neo-new-name-new-design-new-interior-and-new-technologies-20320",
          "checked": "2026-10-18"
        },
        "efficiency": {
          "value": "From 13.9 kWh/100 km",
          "conditions": "WLTP combined 13.9–15.7 kWh/100 km across the ID.3 Neo range: 13.9–14.9 for the 125 and 140 kW versions, 14.4–15.7 for 170 kW. VW newsroom, Europe.",
          "confidence": "Market or version specific",
          "source": "https://www.volkswagen-newsroom.com/en/press-releases/world-premiere-of-the-id3-neo-new-name-new-design-new-interior-and-new-technologies-20320",
          "checked": "2026-10-18"
        }
      },
      "evidence": {
        "tests": 5,
        "testers": 3,
        "claimsJudged": 1,
        "claimsHolding": 0,
        "winterRangePctOfOfficial": 81,
        "safety": "5 stars, Euro NCAP 2025"
      },
      "lastChecked": "2026-10-18"
    },
    {
      "id": "volkswagen/id-4",
      "name": "Volkswagen ID.4",
      "brand": "Volkswagen",
      "model": "ID.4",
      "url": "https://charjin.com/cars/volkswagen/id-4",
      "markdown": "https://charjin.com/cars/volkswagen/id-4.md",
      "powertrain": "Electric",
      "body": "Crossover",
      "seats": 5,
      "summary": "A conventional-feeling family EV with rear or all-wheel drive and broad international availability.",
      "verdict": "Comfortable, practical, and widely supported. Software generation and charging performance differ enough that model year matters.",
      "official": {
        "official_range": {
          "value": "Up to 574 km",
          "conditions": "WLTP, ID.4 Pro with Infotainment package, 77.0 kWh net, Germany; VW Germany says the ID.4 can no longer be ordered to individual specification",
          "cycle": "WLTP",
          "confidence": "Market or version specific",
          "source": "https://www.volkswagen.de/de/modelle/id4.html",
          "checked": "2026-10-19"
        },
        "battery": {
          "value": "52, 77 or 79 kWh",
          "conditions": "UK line-up (Pure, Pro and GTX); the UK page does not say gross or net, while VW Germany quotes 77.0 kWh net for the Pro",
          "confidence": "Market or version specific",
          "source": "https://www.volkswagen.co.uk/en/electric-and-hybrid/electric-cars/id4.html",
          "checked": "2026-10-19"
        },
        "rapid_charging": {
          "value": "Up to 165 kW",
          "conditions": "10–80% in about 29 minutes under optimal conditions claimed, Germany",
          "confidence": "Published reference",
          "source": "https://www.volkswagen.de/de/modelle/id4.html",
          "checked": "2026-10-19"
        },
        "efficiency": {
          "value": "From 15.4 kWh/100 km",
          "conditions": "WLTP combined 15.4–17.6 kWh/100 km for the ID.4 Pro with Infotainment package, Germany",
          "confidence": "Market or version specific",
          "source": "https://www.volkswagen.de/de/modelle/id4.html",
          "checked": "2026-10-19"
        }
      },
      "evidence": {
        "tests": 8,
        "testers": 5,
        "claimsJudged": 4,
        "claimsHolding": 3,
        "winterRangePctOfOfficial": 85,
        "safety": "5 stars, Euro NCAP 2025"
      },
      "lastChecked": "2026-07-28"
    },
    {
      "id": "volkswagen/id-7",
      "name": "Volkswagen ID.7",
      "brand": "Volkswagen",
      "model": "ID.7",
      "url": "https://charjin.com/cars/volkswagen/id-7",
      "markdown": "https://charjin.com/cars/volkswagen/id-7.md",
      "powertrain": "Electric",
      "body": "Liftback",
      "seats": 5,
      "summary": "Volkswagen's large electric fastback, also sold as the ID.7 Tourer estate, with a 77 or 86 kWh battery and rear- or four-wheel drive.",
      "verdict": "NAF measured 595 km from an ID.7 Tourer GTX in summer, slightly above its WLTP figure, but 414 to 434 km in winter, and ADAC's Ecotest gave 475 to 485 km. Charging matched Volkswagen's claims in NAF's tests, at 26 minutes from 10 to 80 per cent for the 86 kWh car.",
      "official": {
        "official_range": {
          "value": "Up to 709 km",
          "conditions": "WLTP: ID.7 Pro S (86 kWh) up to 709 km, ID.7 Tourer Pro S up to 690 km, ID.7 GTX up to 595 km, ID.7 GTX Tourer up to 584 km. VW newsroom release, Germany, June 2024 (now archived).",
          "cycle": "WLTP",
          "confidence": "Market or version specific",
          "source": "https://www.volkswagen-newsroom.com/en/press-releases/new-id7-models-extremely-dynamic-gtx-and-a-wltp-range-of-up-to-709-kilometres-with-the-id7-pro-s-18434",
          "checked": "2026-10-18"
        },
        "battery": {
          "value": "77 or 86 kWh usable",
          "conditions": "77 kWh net in Pro versions; 86 kWh net (91 kWh gross) in Pro S and GTX versions. VW newsroom.",
          "confidence": "Market or version specific",
          "source": "https://www.volkswagen-newsroom.com/en/press-releases/new-id7-models-extremely-dynamic-gtx-and-a-wltp-range-of-up-to-709-kilometres-with-the-id7-pro-s-18434",
          "checked": "2026-10-18"
        },
        "rapid_charging": {
          "value": "Up to 200 kW",
          "conditions": "Pro S and GTX up to 200 kW, Pro up to 175 kW; 10–80% in 26 minutes claimed for the 86 kWh GTX. VW newsroom.",
          "confidence": "Market or version specific",
          "source": "https://www.volkswagen-newsroom.com/en/press-releases/new-id7-models-extremely-dynamic-gtx-and-a-wltp-range-of-up-to-709-kilometres-with-the-id7-pro-s-18434",
          "checked": "2026-10-18"
        },
        "efficiency": {
          "value": "From 13.6 kWh/100 km",
          "conditions": "WLTP combined: Pro 14.0–16.1, Pro S 13.6–16.2, GTX 16.2–18.4 kWh/100 km; Tourer versions 14.0–18.8. VW newsroom model page, German market.",
          "confidence": "Market or version specific",
          "source": "https://www.volkswagen-newsroom.com/en/id7-18426",
          "checked": "2026-10-18"
        }
      },
      "evidence": {
        "tests": 7,
        "testers": 3,
        "claimsJudged": 3,
        "claimsHolding": 1,
        "winterRangePctOfOfficial": 82,
        "safety": "5 stars, Euro NCAP 2023"
      },
      "lastChecked": "2026-10-18"
    },
    {
      "id": "volvo/ex30",
      "name": "Volvo EX30",
      "brand": "Volvo",
      "model": "EX30",
      "url": "https://charjin.com/cars/volvo/ex30",
      "markdown": "https://charjin.com/cars/volvo/ex30.md",
      "powertrain": "Electric",
      "body": "Crossover",
      "seats": 5,
      "summary": "Volvo's smallest electric car, a compact crossover offered with a 51 kWh or 69 kWh battery and rear- or four-wheel drive.",
      "verdict": "The 69 kWh rear-wheel-drive version is the one to look at: NAF measured 368 to 376 km in Norway and Edmunds beat the EPA figure, against an official 475 km WLTP. Expect roughly a fifth less than the WLTP range in real use, and check which charging speed and recall work apply to the car you are offered.",
      "official": {
        "official_range": {
          "value": "337–475 km",
          "conditions": "WLTP combined, Volvo international site: 337 km for P3/P5 (51 kWh), 475 km for P3/P5 Long Range (69 kWh), 450 km for P8 AWD. US EPA: 261 miles for the 2026 Single Motor Extended Range.",
          "cycle": "WLTP",
          "confidence": "Market or version specific",
          "source": "https://www.volvocars.com/intl/cars/ex30-electric/specifications/",
          "checked": "2026-10-18"
        },
        "battery": {
          "value": "51 or 69 kWh",
          "conditions": "Nominal capacity as stated by Volvo; 51 kWh for P3 and P5, 69 kWh for Long Range and P8 AWD. Volvo does not state usable capacity on this page.",
          "confidence": "Market or version specific",
          "source": "https://www.volvocars.com/intl/cars/ex30-electric/specifications/",
          "checked": "2026-10-18"
        },
        "rapid_charging": {
          "value": "Up to 175 kW",
          "conditions": "10–80% in 27–28 minutes claimed at 175 kW for 69 kWh versions; 26 minutes at 150 kW for 51 kWh versions. Volvo international site.",
          "confidence": "Market or version specific",
          "source": "https://www.volvocars.com/intl/cars/ex30-electric/specifications/",
          "checked": "2026-10-18"
        },
        "efficiency": {
          "value": "From 17 kWh/100 km",
          "conditions": "WLTP combined: 17.0 kWh/100 km for P3/P5 Long Range, 17.1 for 51 kWh versions, 17.5 for P8 AWD. US EPA: 29 kWh/100 mi for the 2026 Single Motor Extended Range.",
          "confidence": "Market or version specific",
          "source": "https://www.volvocars.com/intl/cars/ex30-electric/specifications/",
          "checked": "2026-10-18"
        }
      },
      "evidence": {
        "tests": 9,
        "testers": 5,
        "claimsJudged": 4,
        "claimsHolding": 2,
        "winterRangePctOfOfficial": 86,
        "safety": "5 stars, Euro NCAP 2024"
      },
      "lastChecked": "2026-10-18"
    },
    {
      "id": "xiaomi/su7",
      "name": "Xiaomi SU7",
      "brand": "Xiaomi",
      "model": "SU7",
      "url": "https://charjin.com/cars/xiaomi/su7",
      "markdown": "https://charjin.com/cars/xiaomi/su7.md",
      "powertrain": "Electric",
      "body": "Sedan",
      "seats": 5,
      "summary": "Xiaomi's large electric saloon, sold in China in a new generation since 2026 as the SU7, SU7 Pro and twin-motor SU7 Max.",
      "verdict": "Xiaomi's official figures are strong, with up to 902 km on the Chinese CLTC cycle and 10–80% charging in as little as 12 minutes for the Max, but CLTC results are not comparable with WLTP or EPA figures. No independent range, charging or crash test from NAF, ADAC, Euro NCAP, Edmunds or Car and Driver was found, so real-world performance is unconfirmed.",
      "official": {
        "official_range": {
          "value": "720–902 km",
          "conditions": "CLTC, Xiaomi's official China configuration page for the new-generation SU7 (the official basis for this car): 720 km SU7, 902 km SU7 Pro, 835 km SU7 Max, all on 19-inch wheels; 20- and 21-inch wheels cut this to 630–805 km. CLTC figures are not converted to WLTP or EPA here.",
          "cycle": "CLTC",
          "confidence": "Market or version specific",
          "source": "https://www.xiaomiev.com/xiaomi/car-config",
          "checked": "2026-10-18"
        },
        "battery": {
          "value": "73, 96.3 or 101.7 kWh",
          "conditions": "73 kWh LFP for the SU7, 96.3 kWh LFP for the SU7 Pro, 101.7 kWh NMC for the SU7 Max, as listed by Xiaomi; Xiaomi does not say whether these are usable figures.",
          "confidence": "Market or version specific",
          "source": "https://www.xiaomiev.com/xiaomi/car-config",
          "checked": "2026-10-18"
        },
        "rapid_charging": {
          "value": "10–80% in 12–21 minutes claimed",
          "conditions": "Xiaomi claims 10–80% in 20 minutes (SU7), 21 minutes (Pro) and 12 minutes (Max), with peak charge rates of 3.5C and 5.2C respectively and 752 V or 897 V peak voltage. No peak kW figure is given.",
          "confidence": "Market or version specific",
          "source": "https://www.xiaomiev.com/xiaomi/car-config",
          "checked": "2026-10-18"
        },
        "efficiency": {
          "value": "Not published",
          "conditions": "Xiaomi's configuration table gives no energy consumption figure for any version.",
          "confidence": "Local check needed",
          "source": "https://www.xiaomiev.com/xiaomi/car-config",
          "checked": "2026-10-18"
        }
      },
      "evidence": {
        "tests": 0,
        "testers": 0,
        "claimsJudged": 0,
        "claimsHolding": 0,
        "winterRangePctOfOfficial": null,
        "safety": null
      },
      "lastChecked": "2026-10-18"
    }
  ]
}